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811.
The subsidence caused by coal mining in areas where cropland and coal resources overlap in the eastern plains of China with high ground water levels has caused large amounts of water to collect in cropland, significant damage to cropland, and a sharp contradiction between people and land distribution within this region. Systematic analysis and calculation were conducted on these areas by using GIS spatial overlay analysis technology, subsidence and occupied cropland estimation models, and crop yield reduction prediction model to reveal the overlapped characteristics and extent of farmland damage, as well as to evaluate the effects of farmland damage to grain yield, farmland landscape, agricultural population, and dynamical equilibrium of the total cultivated land. Results showed that the overlapped areas of cropland and coal resources on the eastern plains of China occupied an area covering 1.33 × 105 km2, which accounted for 31.93% of the total cropland area. In 2020, the accumulative total area of destroyed cropland reached 3.83 × 103 km2, thus reducing grain yield by 9.63 × 108 kg, and increasing the number of landless farmers to 1.91 × 106. Furthermore, the quality and production capacity of cultivated land decreased, farmland landscape patterns changed, land patterns and structures were adjusted, the dynamical equilibrium of the total cultivated land was difficult to guarantee, and social instability increased in coal mining subsidence areas. These findings provided a scientific basis for relevant government departments to enact countermeasures for the coordinative production of coal and grain. 相似文献
812.
Closed-loop recycling of steel in automobiles is particularly difficult because of the low tolerance for impurities and the use of composites of various types of steel products. Technologies that reduce impurities or increase impurity tolerance must be developed and introduced to the steel recycling system at the appropriate time. This study evaluated the feasibility of closed-loop recycling in the automobile industry in China. Material pinch analysis combined with dynamic modeling of the life cycle of steel sheets used in the manufacture of automobiles was employed to estimate the amount of steel sheet scrap available for closed-loop recycling and the amount of copper contamination in the scrap. The results indicate that by 2050, more than half of the old steel sheet scrap generated annually will have to be down-cycled because of its high copper contamination. However, scenario analyses of three types of technologies for mitigating the problem of copper contamination showed the potential for increasing the amount of old scrap used in closed-loop recycling. In particular, improving copper tolerance in the steel production process could be effective both now and in 2050. 相似文献
813.
华北平原的水土资源平衡研究 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20
采用精确的水土资源平衡计算模型 ,辅以田间观测资料 ,分析计算了华北平原农业水资源量与作物需水量之间的平衡问题。结果显示 :在充分供水的条件下 ,本区农田 (884.8万hm2)需水量为744.36亿m3,相应的作物亏水量为309.37亿m3,有效灌溉面积 (653.2万hm2)上的亏水量为228.73亿m3;而1995年水利工程提供的农业总用水量已达261.78亿m3,但仍有116.16亿m3的亏水量 ;文中同时对评价区内农田的有效降水量、灌溉水的田间利用量、毛管上升水量等进行估算。指出 ,虽然冬小麦的平均水分满足率为82 % ,但关键期的水分满足率 (64 % )仍然制约粮食产量的增长 ,设想通过提高渠系利用系数和优化灌溉等措施 ,华北平原的农业可望达到水土资源平衡利用的状态 相似文献
814.
华南南亚热带不同演替阶段植被的环境效应 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
研究华南南亚热带不同演替阶段植被对养分保护、碳氧平衡和对酸雨的缓冲作用的结果表明 :①100年生季风常绿阔叶林植物 N、P、K贮量是草地和芒萁群落的 12~ 39倍 ,灌木林的 12~16倍 ;死地被物 N、P、K贮量是草地和芒萁群落的 11~ 36倍 ,灌木林的 3.1~ 5.2倍 .30年生季风常绿阔叶林净初级生产量的 N、P、K贮量是草地、芒萁、灌木群落的 1.9~ 5.1倍 .②100年生季风常绿阔叶林植物碳贮量是草地、芒萁、灌木群落的 13~ 49倍 .30年生季风常绿阔叶林植物碳净固定量是草地、芒萁、灌木群落的 2.3~3.4倍 ,前者的氧释放量也明显大于后者 . ③芒萁、灌木群落和季风常绿阔叶林穿透雨的平均 p H值比降雨p H值分别高 1.13、1.03和 1.90个单位 ,季风常绿阔叶林对酸雨的缓冲能力明显高于芒萁、灌木群落 . ④正向演替可加强植被的环境效应 ,让草地、芒萁、灌木群落演替成为季风常绿阔叶林 ,有利于区域生态环境的改善 . 相似文献
815.
816.
WANG Hong-ya 《环境科学学报》2000,12(3):330-336
Palaeoclimatic scenario projecting annual temperature and annual precipitation is firstly formalized with data available and speculations for the southwest part of the North China Plain (35- 37°N, 115-119°E) during the last 25000 years. Then, with three regression equations relating annual runoff to annual precipitation and derived with data of modern hydrological and meteorological records, values of annual runoff are calculated in terms of the corresponding values of annual precipitation from this palaeoclimatic scenario for this region during this temporal interval. These results indicate that runoff is the most during 8000-3000a B.P. and the least during 25000-12000 a B. P.; runoff occurring during 12000-8000 a B.P. and during 3000-0 a B.P. is less than the one occurring during 8000-3000 a B.P. and more than the one occurring during 25000-12000 a B. P.; and the runoff occurring during 25000-12000 a B. P., 12000-8000 a B. P., and 3000-0 a B.P. is respectively 43, 46 and 66 percent of the one occurring during 8000-3000 a B.P. Values of bankfull discharge for palaeochannels of the Yellow River flowing in this region during the same interval are calculated from available estimates of slope of stream-bed of these palaeochannels with a regression equation relating bankfull discharge to slope of stream-bed and ratios of bankfull-discharge are further calculated from these values for different groups of palaeochannel formed during different time spans embraced in this interval. To conduct a cross-check, these values and ratios of bankfull-discharge are compared to the corresponding values and ratios of runoff occurring during roughly the same time spans. The same direction and similar relative magnitude of changes of the surface water occurring in this region during the last 25000 years are indicated by these comparisons. 相似文献
817.
818.
819.
文章选取了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》和《中华人民共和国防沙治沙法》作为比较对象,从立法背景、性质、基本结构、基本内容等角度对二者进行了比较,并指出了二者的特有之处。从而分析国内法律和国际法律的不同,并提供了我国防治沙漠化中如何借鉴好的做法,并结合自身的实际情况加以吸收的途径。 相似文献
820.
Heavy metal pollution in Tianjin Bohai Bay, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The contamination levels and distribution characters of heavy metals in coastal waters and sediments from Tianjin Bohai Bay,China were examined.Pb and Zn were found as the main heavy metal pollutants in the coastal waters of the bay.High levels of Pb and Zn appeared especially near the estuary,indicating that river discharge was the main pollution source.Moreover,atmospheric deposition resulted in Pb contamination in the middle of the embayment.Analysis of data for the period 1987-2004 indicated that Pb ... 相似文献