Drought risk reduction through a Socio-economic,Institutional and Physical approach in the northwestern region of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, drought is seasonal and can destroy crops, causing hardship to poor agricultural labourers and others who cannot find alternative sources of income. Droughts most commonly affect the northwestern region, which generally has less rainfall than the rest of the country. In this context, this study attempts to measure the existing level of drought resilience with indicators related to Socio-economic, Institutional and Physical (SIP) conditions in two of the most drought-prone districts, namely Rajshahi and Chapai-Nawabganj. The results of 14 sub-districts (upazilas) show a variation of 2.41 (lowest resilience) and 3.61 (highest resilience) in a scale of 1–5. Some of the critical areas that need improvement include education and awareness, conflict resolution on water usage, policy enhancement, coordination among different stakeholders and proper land-use pattern. SIP methodology can be used as a rapid planning tool at the district level, and as a micro-level planning and improvement tool at the sub-district level. The tool has potential application for a participatory and process-based approach of engaging local stakeholders in minimizing drought risks in future.     

A biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory for Yunnan Province

Introduction Volatile organic compounds(VOC) are very important tothe chemical composition of ambient atmosphere. Ozone isformed through the photochemical reactions of VOC of bothanthropogenic and biogenic origin with oxides of nitrogen(NOx), …     

云南地区中国种子植物特有属的研究

物种特有现象的研究具有重要的区系地理学和保护生物学意义。利用大尺度的植物物种分布信息,探讨了云南地区中国种子植物特有属的科、属组成,区系性质及其地理分布格局。结果表明,云南地区拥有中国种子植物特有属125属,分属于59科,共含种子植物246种,是中国种子植物特有属的重要分布地区之一。含特有属较多的科主要为菊科Compositae、苦苣苔科Gesnefiaceae、伞形科Umbelliferae、禾本科Gramineae和唇形科Labiatae。从各属所包含的物种数来看,单型属占主体地位。根据科的分布区类型构成,云南地区中国种子植物特有属主要起源于热带地区。从属的生活型构成来看,主要以草本植物属为主,而木本植物属所占比重相对较小,暗示着研究区域内特有属的区系兼有年轻成分和古老成分,但以年轻成分为主。从空间分布格局来看,特有属主要分布在“田中线”以东地区。与过去的研究结果不同,我们发现云南地区拥有3个重要的特有属分布中心和3个次级分布中心。     

云南纵向岭谷区河流输沙量对土地利用变化的响应——以黑惠江、龙川江、盘龙河流域为例

以黑惠江、龙川江、盘龙河流域为例,探讨了云南纵向岭谷区河流输沙量对土地利用变化的响应关系。结果表明,林地面积增加,耕地和草地面积减少,使河流输沙量明显降低;林地向耕地和草地的转化以及草地向耕地的转化,导致输沙量明显增加。黑惠江流域和盘龙河流域在1990年后的10 a中土地利用方式趋于合理,年输沙量呈现减少趋势;而龙川江流域土地利用的合理性降低,年输沙量呈现增加趋势。3个流域河流输沙量变化均符合气候变化的大趋势,土地利用变化是河流输沙量变化的主要原因。3个流域河流输沙量对土地利用的响应规律符合山地河流的一般规律,但是其表现强于地势相对平缓的地区。     

Empirical assessment of debris flow risk on a regional scale in Yunnan province,southwestern China

Adopting the definition suggested by the United Nations, a risk model for regional debris flow assessment is presented. Risk is defined as the product of hazard and vulnerability, both of which are necessary for evaluation. A Multiple-Factor Composite Assessment Model is developed for quantifying regional debris flow hazard by taking into account eight variables that contribute to debris flow magnitude and its frequency of occurrence. Vulnerability is a measure of the potential total losses. On a regional scale, it can be measured by the fixed asset, gross domestic product, land resources, population density, as well as the age, education, and wealth of the inhabitants. A nonlinear power-function assessment model that accounts for these indexes is developed. As a case study, the model is applied to compute the hazard, vulnerability and risk for each prefecture of the Yunnan province in southwestern China.     

云南省部分农村冬春季蔬菜施用农药情况调查

调查云南农民在冬春季蔬菜种植过程中的农药施用状况。随机抽取668名农户进行问卷调查,内容涉及施用农药的种类、频次、施药安全间隔期等。从调查中发现云南农村施用于蔬菜的农药种类共计40余种,以有机磷类杀虫剂为主;国家明令禁止的农药违规施用还在发生;部分农药的安全间隔期违规现象同样比较严重。并分析原因提出减少农村蔬菜生产过程中农药污染的看法。     

九龙甸水库水质评价及富营养化趋势分析

根据1998—2007年的水质监测资料,对九龙甸水库进行水质现状评价和富营养化现状及其变化趋势分析。结果表明,九龙甸水库水质良好,目前属中营养化。富营养化趋势不明显,但有水质恶化的趋势,各部门应加大对九龙甸水库的保护以及周边环境治理的力度,保证城乡居民饮用水安全。     

云南省水土流失DPSIR模型指标体系的构建

根据云南省的立地条件及可获取性原则建立了云南省水土流失评价模型DPSIR的指标体系（16个指标）,并初步分析了各指标的时间变化特征,为进一步定量评估云南省水土流失奠定了基础。     

云南蔗糖厂的清洁生产和清洁生产审核

通过对云南蔗糖厂的清洁生产的分析、总结、回顾和对清洁生产审核的成果的介绍,用事实说明了在糖厂认真实施清洁生产的作用和体会。     

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿区尾矿中Cd的形态分析

镉是人体非必须的有毒微量元素,Cd的不同化学形态,其生物有效性不同。通过改进的BCR分步提取法及ICP-MS分析研究发现:云南金顶铅锌矿矿区尾矿砂中Cd的主要形态为残渣态,其含量远远高于可氧化态、可还原态和弱酸提取态;金顶铅锌矿区老尾矿库中表层尾矿样品中弱酸提取态和可还原态Cd均高于底层尾矿样品,相比之下,表层尾矿中Cd等重金属元素易于释放到环境中,其生物有效性也强于底层尾矿,对环境的潜在危害大;老尾矿库尾矿砂中四种提取形态的Cd、Zn、Pb含量及金属总量均高于新尾矿库尾矿砂,这可能是由选厂工艺技术的差异造成的。