2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) micropollutant herbicide removing from water using granular and powdered activated carbons: a comparison applied for water treatment and health safety

Abstract

Activated carbons are well-known porous materials as an effective adsorbent used for the removal of emerging contaminants, such as herbicides, which are increasingly present in water bodies. Most water treatment plants, specially in Brazil, are unable to completely remove such contaminants by the conventional process and advanced treatment using activated carbons is required. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the activated carbons granulometry and specific surface area on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal efficiency using distilled-deionized water and filtered water collected from a conventional Water Treatment Plant. Commercial activated carbons samples used in this work were obtained from two different manufacturers. Activated carbons were analyzed by the specific surface area, pore size and volume distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and x-ray spectroscopy, moisture, volatile matter and ash contents. Batch adsorption isotherms experiments were used and performed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Granular and powdered activated carbons removed over 99% of 2,4-D in distilled water and near to 99% using filtered water. The activated carbons evaluated in this work presented high performance and played a key role in water treatment by removing 2,4-D herbicide, ensuring the protection of human health and the ecosystem.     

Integration & assessment of recycling into c-Si photovoltaic module’s life cycle

Photovoltaic (PV) energy generation devices have experienced a vigorous growth in production over the last decade in all major industrialised countries. In this research paper, the assessment of recycling and subsequent production of new crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV modules taking advantage of the recovered Si in terms of industrial symbiosis is being examined. With the aid of life cycle analysis method, the potential payback is thoroughly examined through a scenario application in the second useful phase of the PV module. Furthermore, key environmental performance indicators have been implemented in order to evaluate power and resource demands.     

大气监测仪器维护检修能力的评价

一直以来,环境大气监测的数据精度与维护成本,始终是数据应用部门和数据提供部门的难题之一.作者谷学先生根据多年的实档践,首次提出,运用数据对大气监测仪器维护管理进行评价的可行性,并试图建立仪器维护管理作业量化的评价系统.在仪器维护管理中,任何时候,都很难完全排除技术水平比较低的仪器维护检修人员,为了回避这种实际情况,作者通过对数字的分析指出,急需构建环境大气监测仪器维护管理业务能力的评价系统,并期待地方自制体通过评价手段,来选择和指导监测仪器维护管理人员.从而提高数据的精度和减低运转经费的开支.     

基于“熵权+TOPSIS”法的石油库安全管理绩效评价研究

结合石油库的特点,建立了以人员因素、设备设施管理、储存介质状态、环境因素及管理因素等5项一级指标、20项二级指标的安全管理绩效评价体系;为克服安全管理绩效评价的主观随意性,采用“熵权+TOPSIS”法构建了评价模型,以10家石油库企业所采集的信息为算例,对石油库安全管理绩效评价进行了实例研究,结果表明“熵权+TOPSIS”法评价模型有效改善了评价结果的客观性和可靠度,可帮助石油库企业及时发现安全管理短板,明确改进方向,提升安全管理绩效水平。     

企业"绿色度"的模糊评价模型与应用

"绿色度"是绿色的程度或与环境友好的程度.分析了企业"绿色度"绩效评价的理论基础,讨论了在众多因素影响下关于企业"绿色度"绩效评价的指标体系;采用专家法确定各因素权重;运用多层模糊综合评价原理进行系统评价.并通过一个化工厂的实例验证了所建立模型与求解方法的正确性与实用性.     

高效液相色谱法测定水中微量酚

本文报道了水中11种微量酚的高效液相色谱测定方法。用氯化四丁基按作为阳离子对萃取剂。二氯甲烷章取水中微量酚，除本酚外，水中10种微量酚的回收率大于90％。用MicropakMCH－5色谱柱，醋酸—水—乙睛流动相，uv254um和280um双波长检测，流速1ml／min下，对水中11种微量酚进行了分离和定量、11种酚的检测极限是0.1mg／L～1.26mg／L；检测范围为0.1mg／L～7mg／L。对2—甲基—4，6—二硝基酚的峰高与浓度进行了线性回归，γ＝0.9993；该法适用于水中11种微量酚的同时测定。     

油气田企业过程安全绩效考核量化指标研究

选取某油气田企业为试点,从本质安全的角度确立了一套过程安全管理绩效指标。过程安全绩效指标包括质量、设备、安全、环保参数及生产平稳率、设备完整性等考核要素。运用于原油和天然气的生产处理全过程,形成了在油气田生产行业应用的安全管理模式和管理方法。     

农村民居抗震性能存在的问题及对策

本文通过分析农村民居抗震性能存在的问题,从专家参与设计房屋抗震加固方案、加强房屋抗震知识宣传教育、推广典型、加强村镇建设项目抗震设防的指导和管理四个方面提出了提高农村民居抗震性能的对策及措施。     

环境管理指标系统之建立与选择

介绍环境绩效评估发展的缘起及其发展趋势，叙述环境管理指标系统之间内涵与建立的步骤以及各类型环境绩效指标的种类及其稳定原则。     

四种填料充氧性能试验研究

在试验条件相同的情况下,对装有不同填料的四个反应柱进行了清水充氧性能试验及机理研究,试验采用氧总转移系数(KLa)、氧气转移率(dC/dt)、充氧能力(RO)、氧利用率(EA)、充氧动力效率(EP)五项指标进行充氧性能评价.研究认为填料能够显著提高曝气设备的充氧性能,与空白柱相比,浮石填料柱的5项评价指标均提高了31%,陶粒柱1、陶柱柱2和陶粒柱3则分别提高了7%、19%和17%,浮石填料柱的充氧性能明显优于其它填料柱.