浅谈一元线性回归在清洁生产审核中的应用

回归分析法是分析相关因素相互关系的一种数理统计方法,这种方法通常应用在预测分析中,如在市场预测时的产品需求预测,而这种方法亦可用于企业清洁生产审核,通过建立一元回归方程,从而表明消耗-生产之间的关系,并更深入地对绩效进行简单的分析,本文就一元线性回归在企业清洁生产审核中的应用进行了简要论述.     

双室双层浮动床除盐工艺的应用

本文主要介绍双室以浮档除盐工艺应用于我厂除盐水站改造工程的设计及运行经验，说明了强、弱型树脂联合除盐工艺和双室双层浮动床的技术经济优越性，并且在实践中检验了双室双层浮动床的体内清洗技术和除盐装置的程序控制系统。     

关于建立工业企业环境行为信息公开化制度的几个问题

阐述了工业企业地为信息公开化制度在中国环境管理和政策创新中的重要意义和作用，对工业企业环境行为信息公开化内容、指标体系和标准等进行了分析，并结合镇江市的经济、社会和环境状况作实例分析，提出了进一步完善该制度的建议。     

基于超高效液相色谱串联质谱法的番茄果实和土壤中氟吡菌胺残留测定

建立了番茄果实和土壤中氟吡菌胺残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。用乙腈水溶液提取样品中的氟毗菌胺,以C_(18)柱为分析柱、乙腈-甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测、电喷雾正离子源、外标法定量。氟吡菌胺在0.05~1.00 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=6964.10x-143.28,决定系数为0.996 8。向对照番茄果实、对照土壤中分别添加氟吡菌胺标样,使其添加量分别为0.10 mg/kg、0.40 mg/kg和2.00 mg/kg,平均回收率分别为92.43%~103.32%和92.75%~104.46%,相对标准偏差分别为3.8%~4.9%和3.4%~4.4%。番茄果实和土壤中氟吡菌胺的定量限分别为1.0μg/kg和1.7μg/kg,检出限分别为0.3μg/kg和0.5μg/kg。     

Environmental practices of governance of companies in emerging markets: An analysis of structural relationships

The aim of this study is to analyze the structural relationships between strategy, environmental performance, and disclosure in view of the lack of research on these endogenous activities. To analyze these relationships, an environmental governance proxy consisting of five dimensions was developed for Brazilian companies. Hence, from an economic perspective, a trend is expected of companies disclosing more information and maintaining an environmental governance structure to avoid or reduce potential political costs. Using the structural equation technique, 573 Brazilian companies were analyzed. According to the results, the Brazilian companies’ mean compliance level with environmental governance practices is 49.2%. There is evidence of a positive association between the governance structure and the environmental management system (GSEM) as well as environmental performance (EP) and environmental disclosure levels (DISC). In addition, the level of environmental conflicts of interest a sector faces increased the need for environmental disclosure. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the latent variables, GSEM and EP, exert direct and indirect positive effects on DISC. In other words, companies with more structured environmental management systems have obtained better performance indicators, and consequently, are more likely to feel encouraged to disseminate environmental information and to reduce political costs than is the case with other companies.     

Production,engine performance,combustion, emission characteristics and economic feasibility of biodiesel from waste cooking oil: A review

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing demands for diesel are considered to be important triggers for many of the initiatives that have been taken to search for possible sources for the production of biodiesel from materials available within the country. It is possible to produce biodiesel from waste/used cooking oils (WCO) that is comparable in quality to that of fresh vegetable oil. Not only does reuse of WCO, which can otherwise harm human health, reduce the burden on the government of treating oily wastewater, disposing of the waste, and maintaining public sewers, it also significantly lowers the production cost of biodiesel. In the process of frying, oil undergoes many reactions, leading to the formation of a number of undesirable compounds, such as polymers, free fatty acids, and many other chemicals. This poses challenges in the transesterification of WCO. This article covers different techniques in the production of biodiesel from WCO. It also compares combustion, emissions, and engine performance characteristics of biodiesel from WCO as well as factors affecting biodiesel production from WCO and its economic feasibility.     

氨氮对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化性能及微生物群落的影响

为探析氨氮（TAN）对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化性能及微生物群落的影响,在串联批次实验中引入氨氮胁迫,结合Miseq高通量测序分析,研究了不同TAN浓度下厌氧消化系统的过程参数响应以及微生物群落动态.结果显示,随TAN增加,甲烷回收率从（96.53±2.66）%下降至（63.13±0.73）%,消化时间从435h延长至915h,连续驯化下,TAN为3000mg/L的实验组产气性能完全恢复,而高氨氮实验组（TAN³6000mg/L）仍处于抑制状态.相较于乙酸代谢而言,长链挥发性脂肪酸（LCVFAs）代谢对TAN的耐受度更高（6000mg/L）,但一旦被抑制,其功能难以通过驯化恢复.从微生物层面上看,高丰度且功能冗余的水解酸化细菌保证了各TAN梯度下的水解酸化作用;氨氮敏感的Methanosaeta和Methanospirillum也能通过驯化被耐氨的Methanosarcina和Methanoculleus取代,从而维持系统产甲烷功能;相比之下,产氢产乙酸菌功能高度专一,仅C₄~C₁₈降解菌Syntrophomonas和丙酸降解菌Pelotomaculum被检测到,在连续的高氨氮暴露下,前者的丰度虽有一定程度的恢复,但后者未能被驯化,最终系统出现以丙酸为主的LCVFAs积累,产气性能恶化.可见, LCVFAs的互营降解才是氨抑制失稳的关键环节.     

NGO/PDA-DAG改性膜制备及抗污染性能研究

以多巴胺（DA）、1,3-二氨基胍盐酸盐（DAG）、氨基化氧化石墨烯（NGO）为改性剂,将氧化沉积和表面接枝法联用于聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）原膜表面改性,得到NGO/PDA-DAG改性膜,研究改性膜的制备条件及其抗污染性能.结果表明：①改性膜最佳制备条件为DA浓度1.5mg/mL,DA氧化沉积时间4h,DAG质量浓度1wt%,NGO浓度2mg/mL,NGO接枝时间1h;②改性膜的亲水性能改善明显.改性剂向膜面引入了-NH₂、C=N、-OH、C=O等亲水性官能团,使静态接触角由68.7°（原膜）下降到38.7°（改性膜）;③改性膜比原膜具有更高的机械强度.改性层改善了原膜表面应力传递盲区,使改性膜表面粗糙度由原膜的46.5nm下降到18.3nm.改性膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别为22.83和376.25Mpa,比原膜提高了39.72%和13.57%;④改性膜的选择透过性和抗有机污染性能显著提高.与原膜相比,改性膜对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的截留率提高18.64%、纯水通量恢复率提高34.08%、膜总污染率下降20.67%（可逆污染率提高13.41%、不可逆污染率下降34.08%）;⑤改性膜抗菌性能强,且抗菌效果稳定持久.改性膜连续4次抗菌测试（38℃下接触2h）的平均抗菌率分别为92.3%、88.5%、87.9%、85.6%,能有效防止生物膜污染发生,而原膜无任何抗菌特性.     

生物滴滤塔对疏水性VOCs气体的去除及其生物膜特性研究

利用正己烷降解菌Pseudomonas mendocina NX-1和二氯甲烷（DCM）降解菌Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13强化生物滴滤塔（BTF）同时净化不同疏水性的正己烷和DCM混合废气,研究了挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段BTF对污染物的去除性能与限制因素及生物膜相的特性变化.结果表明,在正己烷和DCM浓度均为100 mg·m^-3,停留时间（EBRT）为60 s的条件下,运行25 d即可完成BTF的启动,正己烷和DCM的去除率分别可达到65%和100%.系统稳定运行时,正己烷和DCM的最大去除负荷分别为16.1 g·m^-3·h^-1和92.0 g·m^-3·h^-1.正己烷和DCM的去除过程分别受到传质限制与反应限制影响.BTF稳定运行后,塔内生物膜胞外聚合物（EPS）中蛋白质（PN）含量逐渐增加至启动时的2.7倍,蛋白质与多糖的比值（PN/PS）从0.28增加至0.96.生物膜表面相对疏水性从21%增加至66%,Zeta电位从-12.7 mV降低至-9.2 mV.压降的模拟结果与实验数据良好拟合（R²>0.96）.     

基于氮稳定同位素分馏原理的活性污泥脱氮性能评价

基于氮稳定同位素分馏原理,运用瑞利分馏方程,论文构建了活性污泥脱氮性能评价模型,以分析城市污水的微生物脱氮效率与活性.实验通过对城市污水处理厂的长期监测,确定了模型的主要参数.为验证模型在不同出水无机氮组成情况下的适用性,本研究监测了反硝化限制作用、硝化限制作用、氨化限制作用3种情况下的脱氮效能.结果表明,这3种情况下的脱氮效能均可以通过测定活性污泥的δ15N值,利用该评价模型预测.为验证该模型在不同脱氮能力下的适应性,本研究设置了3种典型工况,测得的3种工况下活性污泥的δ15N值分别为13.97‰、8.33‰和4.47‰,利用评价模型得出的脱氮效率分别为96%、71%和22%,与实际脱氮效率吻合度高,污泥脱氮活性也呈现递减趋势.说明该模型对于具有不同脱氮能力的水处理系统均适用.该模型可避免复杂的布点监测等过程,仅通过污泥的δ15N值即可了解整个系统的脱氮能力及污泥脱氮活性,对污水处理厂的强化脱氮具有指导意义;为评价污水处理过程中氮的去除效果提供了更为便捷、准确的途径.