基于VB的废气在线数据快速计算

近年来,监测数据管理方式逐步优化,相关数据管理软件也得到了较广泛的应用,基于管理软件的数据录入方式、计算方式、数据分析与数据挖掘正逐步开展.废气在线监测涉及流程复杂,包含数据信息量大,所使用的数据计算、报告编制、管理方式依然存在一些不足.文章以废气在线数据为切入点,通过VB(Visual Basic)语言实现了废气在线数据的快速计算,运用Word2013邮件合并功能,实现了监测报告批量输出,缩短了数据处理流程,并优化了数据管理方式.     

Estimation of ammonia nitrogen load from nonpoint sources in the Xitiao River catchment, China

Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is one of the three main forms of total nitrogen (TN). Most studies have estimated the load of TN from nonpoint sources instead of one specific form. The relationship between land use and concentrations of NH4+-N in runoff was analyzed using the hydraulic analysis functions of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the annual loads of NH4+-N in the Xitiao River catchment were estimated according to model results. The results suggested that the calculated annual loads of NH4+-N...     

基于生态足迹模型的土地利用生态环境分析方法研究

随着经济和社会的发展,生态环境问题正日益受到各国政府和社会的关注。而作为人类一切活动载体的土地,其生态环境显得愈加重要。生态足迹法是一种定量度量生态经济发展协调状况及发展能力的有效方法。本文是基于Bicknell的投入产出模型探讨了对土地利用生态环境进行动态分析的方法,进一步研究了一定区域在进行对外贸易时,对土地资源的开发利用和消费,为衡量土地生态环境和可持续发展状况,作出科学的决策提供定量工具。并从土地利用角度出发,提出了减少生态赤字一些对策。     

TiO2对聚偏氟乙烯膜的改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2胶体,用涂覆的方法拯TiO2胶体附在聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜表面,测试磺化时间,浸泡时间对膜通量的影响,通过改变膜表面的性质,以及对截留率和接触角的测定,找出改性膜的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：从接触角来讲,磺化时间为2小时,浸凝的时间为10分钟时,改性膜的通量最好;改性膜的截留率普遍都高于未改性膜的截留率;改性后膜生物反应器的出水水质更好。为增加膜通量,延长膜寿命,降低膜反应器的成本,降低处理污水的造价提供了一种新的参考方向。     

荆州城区生活垃圾产生量的关联度分析与预测

准确地预测城市生活垃圾产生量,有利于更好地制定城市生活垃圾处置规划。本文利用荆州市1998年-2007年垃圾清运量和社会经济统计资料进行了关联度分析,预测了2010年-2020年荆州城区生活垃圾量。结果表明,GDP、社会消费品零售总额和人均消费支出3个因素是推动垃圾清运量增加的主要因子,其权重分别为0.281、0.386和0.333,预计到2010年、2015年和2020年荆州城区生活垃圾清运量将分别达到31.51万t、38.62万t和48.70万t,其预测结果可为制定荆州市生活垃圾处置规划提供科学依据。     

基于EMD的河北省粮食产量波动及其成因的时空多尺度分析

论文利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对1978年以来河北省粮食产量波动及其成因进行了时空多尺度的分析。从粮食产量波动的趋势量分布来看,1978年以来河北省粮食产量不断增长,但是20世纪90年代后期粮食增长停滞,且有下降趋势。EMD分解结果表明：河北省粮食产量存在4年、6年及11年左右的准周期波动,并以4、6年左右的周期波动为主;在对河北省4个国家二级生态类型区进行EMD分解时发现,Ⅵ₁辽吉西蒙东南冀北山地区与Ⅱ₂冀鲁豫低洼平原区是粮食产量4年左右周期波动的控制地区,而Ⅱ₁燕山太行山山前平原区与Ⅱ₂冀鲁豫低洼平原区,是河北省粮食产量6年左右周期波动的主要控制地区;在对粮食单产和粮食播种面积两个影响因子进行EMD分解时发现,粮食单产是粮食产量4年左右波动的主要控制因子。同时粮食单产也是1978-1993年时段粮食产量6年左右波动的主要控制因子,粮食单产和粮食播种面积的波动叠加交互作用控制着1993-2005年时段粮食产量6年左右波动的变化。对两个尺度的周期性波动分析发现,河北省粮食产量波动幅度近年来不断增加,这将给河北省的粮食供需关系带来巨大的压力。研究的时空分析结果为保证粮食稳定生产具有重要的指导意义。     

三江平原不同土地利用方式下凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献

运用Li-6400土壤呼吸配套系统研究了三江平原沼泽湿地不同土地利用方式下保留和去除凋落物的土壤呼吸特征,进而分析了不同土地利用方式下凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献及其与凋落物输入量和环境因子(温度、降水等)之间的相互关系.结果表明,整个生长季4种土地利用方式下凋落物对土壤呼吸的平均贡献量在-0.21~0.64μmol/(m2.s)之间,贡献率表现为小叶章草甸湿地(14%)人工林地(12%)大豆田(8%)退耕还湿地(-5%).其中,退耕还湿后凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献表现为负值,减少了土壤呼吸的排放,表明凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献可能最终取决于凋落物分解与屏蔽作用之间的平衡.除大豆田外,不同土地利用方式下凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献均与10 cm地温达到了极显著相关关系(p0.01).另外,降雨的影响与凋落物输入密切相关,表明凋落物除自身分解外,还可能参与到气候变化的生态效应中.     

人为源和生物源排放对臭氧的贡献 ——以春夏季东亚地区为例

利用因子分离法区分NOx与人为、生物源VOCs(AVOCs、BVOCs)分别对东亚地区近地面O3浓度的纯贡献与协同贡献,基于区域空气质量模式(RAQM)讨论了2000年春、夏季排放源的总贡献以及协同贡献的空间分布.结果表明,光化学反应在日最大O3浓度的形成中占很大比例,我国北方大部分地区源的贡献夏季最大,南方受东亚季风影响,夏季最小.AVOCs与NOx、BVOCs与NOx的协同效应加强了光化学反应中O3的形成.AVOCs与NOx的协同贡献季节性变化特征显著,我国南方大部分地区夏季最小.BVOCs与NOx的协同贡献在我国南北方差异很大,春季高值区主要分布在南方大部分地区,北方峰值出现在夏季.说明臭氧调控对策的制定除源排放大小外还须考虑地域差异和季节变化.     

A Method for Locating Influential Pollution Sources and Estimating Their Contributions

This work develops a source-oriented approach to locate the influential pollution sources and estimate their contributions to pollutant concentrations observed at a receptor site. The domain containing possible influential pollution sources is divided into systematic grid cells, and the influential grid sources are determined based on the locations of the segment endpoints of air trajectories arriving at the receptors. The contribution of each grid source is initially calculated using a formula derived from a Lagrangian box model and including the effects of source emissions, atmospheric dilution, and chemical transformation and deposition. The formula is described in detail in this study. Finally, the average contribution of each grid source is determined based on numerous analyzed events. The proposed approach was used to locate influential pollution sources and determine their contributions to a rural monitoring station during periods of high SO₂ pollution in southern Taiwan. The contributions of sources in various 2 km by 2 km grid cells, five districts, three source categories, 8 industrial areas, and a power plant were evaluated. The results show that the major influential sources were in the northwestern region of south Taiwan, and belonged to three district and point sources. Furthermore, two industrial areas close to the evaluated stations were also very significant, and contributed about 30% of the total pollution.     

Dynamic Changes, Regional Differences, and Influencing Factors of CO2 Emission Performance in China

This paper proposes to use DEA models with undesirable outputs to construct the Malmquist index that can be use to investigate the dynamic changes of CO 2 emission performance.With the index,the authors have measured the CO 2 emission performance of 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 1996 to 2007;with the convergence theory and panel data regression model,the authors analyze the regional differences and the influencing factors.It is found that the performance of CO 2 emissions in China has been continuously improved mainly due to the technological progress,and the average improvement rate is 3.25%,with a cumulative improvement rate of 40.86%.In addition,the CO 2 emission performance varies across four regions.As a whole,the performance score of eastern China is the highest.The northeastern and central China has relatively lower performance scores,and the western China is relatively backward.The regional differences are decreasing,and the performance of CO 2 emissions is convergent.The influence of some factors on the performance of CO 2 emissions is significant,such as the level of economic development,the level of industrial structure,energy intensity,and ownership structure.The influence of some factors,such as opening-up to the outside world,on the performance of CO 2 emissions is not significant..