酸化水体中的藻类研究

为研究酸沉降对水生生态系统的影响,1991年至1992年间,对地处我国重酸雨区域的重庆市郊6个水体中的藻类进行了比较研究,结果表明,绿藻门的种类最多,占种类总数的50％以上,其次是蓝藻或硅藻。藻类的细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素ａ,在酸化水体中（pH值<5.0）分别为23.3～49.9万个/L,0.59～1.05mg/L和0.65～3.01mg/m3;在轻度酸化水体（6.0＞pH值＞5.0）分别为433.9～680.0万个/L,6.6～21.75mg/L和14.66～25.19mg/m3。三项指标均随水体酸度的增加而减少。酸化水体中的藻类生长潜力（AGP）很弱,低pH值和可给态磷的不足是造成AGP低的主要限制因素。     

The role and distribution of total suspended solids in the macrotidal coastal waters of Korea

Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of total suspended solids (TSS) in the shallow and macrotidal regions of the Korean peninsula indicated there were significant changes in TSS concentrations. These were seasonally influenced by the wind, river input and tidal cycle. There were high TSS values at estuarine and river mouth stations and during low tide due to the re-suspension of bottom sediment by strong wind action during winter months, in addition the land input through rivers and strong tidal current during ebbing. Monthly mean values of TSS significantly correlated with wind speed and nitrate concentration (p < 0.01). This indicated that the resuspension of surface sediment was a more important source of TSS than the river input, and that nitrate was introduced into the water column during the resuspension process. TSS were seven times higher at low tide than in high tide. Light penetration was significantly inhibited by TSS; as >98% of incident light was absorbed within 2 m and zero photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under 2 m in the estuarine stations during winter. Removal of heavy metals and nutrients by TSS in the water column was evident. Over 80% of the initial concentration of nutrients was removed within 10 min under various concentrations of TSS and also TSS contained significantly higher concentration of heavy metals than surface sediment. The concentration levels of nutrients and chemical oxygen demand in the west coast were comparable with the East and South Sea, even the major rivers in the Korean peninsula flow into the West Sea with major pollutant loadings into the coastal areas. High concentration of TSS is likely to contribute to the removal process of these pollutants, resulting in relatively lower levels of nutrients and organic materials in these coastal waters.     

Effect of salt and urban water samples on bacterivory by the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila

The effect of road salt on the eating of bacteria or bacterivory by the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, was followed in non-nutrient Osterhout's solution with Escherichia coli expressing green fluorescent protein. Bacterivory was impaired at between 0.025 and 0.050% w/v but the ciliates appeared to have normal morphologies and motilities, whereas at above 0.1%, bacterivory was blocked and many ciliates died. By contrast, E. coli remained viable, suggesting salt could alter predator-prey relationships in microbial communities. In nutrient medium, salt was not toxic and the ciliates grew. After growth in salt, ciliates consumed bacteria in 0.2% salt, indicating the salt acclimation of bacterivory. Bacteria and ciliates were added to urban creek samples to compare their capacity to support exogenous bacterivory. Even though samples were collected weekly for a year and be expected to have fluctuating salt levels as a result of deicing, all creek samples supported a similar level of bacterivory.     

践行“两山”理论 促进农业农村绿色发展

分析、疏理习近平同志关于绿水青山就是金山银山的科学论断及主要内涵,深刻理解这一理念是对农业农村发展观的重大革命,为农业供给侧结构性改革指明了方向。树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的新发展理念,发挥其在农业农村绿色发展中的理论支撑作用,在转变农业生产方式和农民生活方式、调整农业产业结构、优化农村产业布局、催生新产业新业态、走“资源节约型、环境友好型”的绿色发展之路、建设美丽宜居乡村等方面具有指导意义。     

THE LEGALIZATION OF GROUNDWATER STORAGE1

ABSTRACT: California's courts have recently recognized the existence of underground aquifer storage rights that permit public agencies to (1) store imported waters in aquifers; (2) prevent others from expropriating that water; and (3) recapture the stored water when it is needed. The article describes the two appellate decisions that represent the common-law development of aquifer storage rights. Each decision related to separate aquifers that were subject to separate types of groundwater management programs. One decision involved an aquifer under the southeastern San Francisco Bay area that was managed under statutory authority and is entitled, Niles Sand and Gravel Co. v. Alameda County Water District 37 C.A.3d 924 (1974); cert. denied 419 US 869. The other decision involved an aquifer under Southern California's San Fernando Valley that was managed under judicial authority and is entitled, City of Los Angeles v. City of San Fernando 14 Cal.3d 199 (1975). The two decisions provide separate, but complimentary, public interest rationales for aquifer storage rights: (1) to protect water supplies necessary for the overlying community; and (2) to increase water supply efficiencies by using natural underground reservoirs wherever practicable. The Article reviews the relationship of aquifer storage rights to conventional groundwater rights and indicates aspects of the storage right that may need additional development.     

长江中上游流域重点水域禁捕补偿政策满意度及影响因素研究

本文以赤水河和长江洪湖段233名退捕渔民为调查对象,基于偏最小二乘结构方程模型,从家庭禀赋、政策认知、政策执行三个维度构建禁捕补偿政策满意度模型,探究其影响因素和影响路径。研究结果表明:经济资本和社会资本对家庭禀赋具有显著的正向影响,人力资本和自然资本对家庭禀赋的影响未通过显著性检验;从路径系数来看,家庭禀赋、政策认知和政策执行三个维度对禁捕补偿政策满意度的路径系数分别是0.264、0.198和0.435;从中介效应来看,家庭禀赋通过政策认知间接影响政策满意度。基于此,本文认为建立多元化禁捕补偿制度、确保按时发放补偿资金、切实提高退捕渔民受教育水平、积极开拓渔民转产转业渠道可以进一步提升禁捕补偿政策满意度,确保长江大保护政策实施效果。     

SEWAGE DISCHARGES FROM SHIPS TRANSITING COASTAL SALT WATERS1

ABSTRACT: A number of aspects of the discharging of non-oily wastewaters by transiting ships are treated in this overview paper. In the introduction, options to discharging (the use of holding tank, on board treatment) and the impact of changing regulations are discussed. Assessment of the effects of sewage discharges on coastal waters required that data, at first not available, be generated. An account is given of the characterization of Navy shipboard wastewaters and of experiments involving sewage discharges at sea, measurements of water quality before, during and after an amphibious operation, and fore and aft of transitting Navy ships. A better understanding of sewage dilution after discharge led to the verification of a method for controlled discharging of sewage (and other wastewaters). This method permits limiting the coliform bacteria count in the ship's wake to values below acceptable limits. The final sections contain information on long range effects of ships’sewage discharges, obtained in studies by the U.S. Navy and others, as well as public health considerations.     

上海市主要园林景观水体富营养化调查与评价

2004年8月,调查了上海市游人量超过200万人/年的7个公园中8个小型景观水体,调查结果表明,所有被调查的公园均已经达到富营养化状态,但是水体中营养盐的贡献度随景观水体的功能和管理而有一定的差异.因此科学的分析水体污染状况,采取相应措施加强对景观水体的管理,控制水体的进一步恶化已经到了刻不容缓的地步.     

广东省近岸海域环境污染现状及防治

介绍广东省近岸海域的污染现状和发展趋势以及近岸海域的污染途径，主要污染物及污染特性，并对近岸海域环境污染原因进行了分析，提出了近岸海域环境污染的防治对策和要进行的具体研究工作。