The Potential of Geothermal Systems in Kenya for Balneological Use

Curative properties of geothermal waters are highly valued in several countries around the world, including China, Iceland, and middle and Eastern European states. Natural hotsprings and fumaroles found in various parts of Kenya have been utilised by the local residents for worship and offering of sacrifices, particularly when afflicted with ailments that were difficult to cure. At the Lake Bogoria Hotel, natural hot water is directed towards a swimming pool, in which hotel guests like to bathe. The major element chemistry of some of the geothermal waters in Kenya is similar to that of waters used at established balneological sites in other parts of the world. Trace element concentrations are less well known. More research is required to understand the factors that impart curative qualities to geothermal waters. Kenya has been developing its geothermal systems for electricity generation, but should also evaluate the different sites for balneological applications.     

Meso—四（4—磺基苯基）卟啉—锌络合吸附波在水样分析中的应用

本文研究了在氨性介质中，Ｍｅｓｏ－四（４－磺基苯基）卟啉与锌离子的络合反应，在沸水浴中，该反应在４ｍｉｎ内完成，并形成稳定的１：１型络合物，其峰电位为－１．３５Ｖ（ｖｓ，ＳＣＥ）将此络合吸附波用于环境水样中痕量锌的测定，获得了满意的结果，本文还对事物及卟啉试剂极谱波的性质做了比较研究。     

长江中下游浅水湖泊中总氮及其形态的时空分布

分析和比较了长江中下游 3个浅水湖泊———太湖、巢湖和龙感湖夏、秋和冬季沉积物和上覆水中的总氮及其氮形态 ,描述了氮及其各形态在 3个湖泊中的时空分布特征 .结果表明 :空间上 ,无论是在表层沉积物还是在上覆水中 ,太湖中总氮的含量均高于其他 2个湖泊 ,且在太湖和巢湖都呈现西高东低的分布特征 .氨氮在沉积物和上覆水及溶解态硝态氮在上覆水中的分布与总氮分布趋势基本相同 .巢湖沉积物中氨氮浓度所占的比例稍高于太湖和龙感湖 .在不同季节 ,表层沉积物和上覆水中的总氮含量冬季高于秋季和夏季 ,表层沉积物中氨氮浓度在秋季最高 .巢湖和龙感湖上覆水中的溶解态硝态氮在冬季浓度较高 ,而在太湖西北部这种季节差异几乎没有 ,氨氮的浓度季节性差异也不十分明显     

煤矿开采地面沉陷的覆岩注浆防治

利用覆岩高层注浆抚育地煤矿开采地面沉陷进行防治，可以达到保护矿区地面环境的目的。实践证明，这是一种有效而经济的治理煤矿开采引起的环境问题的新方法。     

福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度遥感定量监测研究

论文在分析MODIS数据对海洋水体反射光谱特征的基础上,选用合适的探测波段构成悬浮泥沙遥感参数,并根据2003~2004年福建近岸海域海洋监控区内9个站点的海洋水色数据建立悬浮泥沙浓度遥感定量反演模式。利用已建立的模式对2001~2005年福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度进行遥感反演,根据反演结果分析该海域悬浮泥沙浓度的分布及其变化特征,着重分析闽江口海域的悬浮泥沙运动特点。结果表明:福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度与基于MODIS蓝光(0.438~0.448μm)和绿光(0.545~0.565μm)探测波段数据构成的遥感参数呈指数函数关系,定量反演效果比较理想,反演结果能客观地揭示福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙的浓度分布及其变化特征,为今后对该海域悬浮泥沙运动规律的深化研究奠定了基础。     

Urban Metal Flows – A Case Study of Stockholm. Review and Conclusions

Metals have rapidly accumulated in the anthroposphere, especiallyin urban areas, indicating possible environmental and resource problems. Here, Stockholm City was chosen for a case study of urban metal flows, i.e. metal inflow to, metals in the stock of,and metal outflow from the anthroposphere to the biosphere. Themetal stock of Stockholm is large and still growing. The large amounts of metals in the solid waste fraction totally dominatethe outflow from the city. For major parts of the stock, the emissions from goods in use are negligible. There are, however,goods applications corresponding to significant emissions: e.g. the traffic sector (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb), the tapwater system (Cu), roofs/fronts or other metal surfaces (Cu, Zn). Today's known metal flows from the anthroposphere of Stockholm to the biosphere and sewage sludge are quantitatively dominated by Zn(34 ton y^-1) and Cu (14 ton y^-1). Historical and present emissions have resulted in high metal concentrations insediments (especially Cd, Hg and Pb, but also Cu and Zn), groundwater (Cu, Hg) and in soils (Hg, Cu, Pb). At present theannual median concentrations are below the Swedish limits for metals in sewage sludge, even if the safety margins aresmall for Cd, Hg and to some extent Cu. The flows of Cu and Zn to Stockholm soils are high with a significant accumulationindicating an environmental impact in a longer time perspective.High levels of metals in surface sediments in the waterenvironments reflects an ongoing input where these metals aretransported from known (Cu, Zn) and or partly unknown (Cd, Hg, Pb) sources. In future urban areas, monitoring of metal flows must be performed both in the anthroposphere and the biospherein order to have a pro active approach to urban environmentalproblems and to get prompt answers to measures taken.     

藻类对湖泊水体中甲拌辛光降解的影响

研究了在不同水深、不同水质、不同光照条件、不同水体运动状态的水样中,藻类对甲拌辛光降解的影响。结果表明,藻类在生长过程中吸收光降解的产物,从而促进光降解反应的进行。因此,藻类对湖泊水体中甲拌辛的光降解有促进作用。     

洞庭湖氮磷时空分布与水体营养状态特征

为揭示通江湖泊洞庭湖水体、沉积物营养盐的时空分布特征,分别于2012年1月和6月在入湖河道、湖区和出湖口共采集了13个具有代表性的水样和沉积物样品,分析了样品中氮、磷的含量及洞庭湖的营养水平. 结果表明,洞庭湖水体中ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)、ρ(NH₄+-N)和ρ(NO₃--N)全湖平均值分别为2.34、0.06、0.27和0.54mg/L,沉积物中w(TN)、w(TP)、w(NH₄+-N)、w(NO₃--N)全湖平均值分别为1220.47、678.97、28.94、4.41mg/kg. 氮、磷含量总体表现为入湖河口大于湖体和出湖口,并且入湖河流中以湘江支流较高,湖体以东洞庭湖区较高. 不同季节间的对比表明,水和沉积物样品中氮、磷含量均表现为6月高于1月,尤其水体中ρ(TN),6月显著高于1月(P<0.01). 洞庭湖全湖TLI(∑)(综合营养状态指数)平均值为45.93,分布规律与ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)一致. 与其他富营养化湖泊相比,洞庭湖ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)较高,但没有发生大面积水华,主要是因为其换水周期短、流速较大所致.      

白塔堡河上覆水与沉积物间隙水N、P分布特征

为研究河流沉积物与间隙水间营养盐的迁移规律,采集白塔堡河干流平水期上覆水和沉积物间隙水样品,分析N、P分布特征,计算沉积物-水界面N、P扩散通量,并对上覆水与间隙水中营养盐含量进行回归分析. 结果表明:上覆水和间隙水中ρ(TN)、ρ(NH₃-N)和ρ(TP)均为农村带河段最低,城镇带和城市带河段较高. N、P的主要来源,农村带河段为农村灰水和面源污染,城镇带河段为生活污水和工业园排水,城市带河段为城市生活污水和工业废水. 间隙水中各营养盐质量浓度基本上都高于上覆水,空间分布趋势相似. NH₃-N、NO₂--N、NO₃--N和PO₄3--P在沉积物-水界面的平均扩散通量分别为0.429、0.134、0.080和0.143μmol/(m2·d),表明沉积物是上覆水重要的N、P源. 表层沉积物间隙水与上覆水中的ρ(NH₃-N)(R2=0.874,P=0.0002)和ρ(PO₄3--P)(R2=0.704,P=0.0005)均呈极显著相关,ρ(NO₂--N)呈显著相关(R2=0.501,P=0.0020),ρ(NO₃--N)的相关性(R2=0.353,P=0.0150)不显著,说明白塔堡河沉积物间隙水中的N主要以NH₃-N形态向上覆水中扩散;而间隙水中的P主要以PO₄3--P形态向上覆水中扩散.      

The Loch Fleet Project in the Context of Acidification Reduction Measures

At Loch Fleet, and in other liming studies in similar environments, catchment liming is successful if an adequate amount of lime is added to hydrological source areas. Geochemical modelling demonstrates that the relatively late acidification of L. Fleet is consistent with the ameliorating effect of an alkaline groundwater input: the presence of this input implies that had the Loch not been limed in 1985 it would have recovered to conditions suitable for fish in about 20 years, given current commitments to sulphur emission reductions. Lakes without similar alkaline groundwater are not likely to recover as quickly. the different consequences of liming and emission reduction as methods of restoring acid waters are reviewed and contrasted. Restoration of waters by liming may result in some undesirable effects on the terrestrial catchment: these are discussed but it is concluded that catchment liming, used with discrimination, can be an acceptable management tool.