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131.
采用OECD标准滤纸接触法和人工土壤法,研究了3种离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Hmim]Cl)、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Omim]Cl)对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性致死作用,并测定亚慢性暴露试验下蚯蚓的体重变化.滤纸接触法测得[Bmim]Cl、[Hmim]Cl、[Omim]Cl对蚯蚓24 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为109.60、50.38、7.94μg.cm-2;48 h的LC50分别为98.52、39.14、3.61μg.cm-2.人工土壤法得到[Bmim]Cl、[Hmim]Cl、[Omim]Cl对蚯蚓7 d的LC50分别为447.78、245.56、180.51 mg.kg-1,14 d的LC50分别288.42、179.75、150.35 mg.kg-1.蚯蚓在3种离子液体作用下表现出不同的中毒症状.3种离子液体对蚯蚓的生长表现出不同程度的抑制作用,体重随着浓度增加而下降.离子液体对蚯蚓毒性随着碳链长度的增加而增大. 相似文献
132.
R.P. Singh A. EmbrandiriM.H. Ibrahim N. Esa 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(4):423-434
Solid waste management is one of the challenging problems worldwide and it is becoming more complex by the increase in population and subsequently the waste generated. In Malaysia, among industrial solid waste palm oil mill waste (POMW) contributes the highest share. Wastes from the oil palm mill includes palm oil mill effluent (POME), decanter cake, empty fruit bunches, seed shells and the fibre from mesocarp. Generally most of the waste generated is either disposed of via open dumping or used as fertilizers as such or as animal feed. Land application of POMW and POME is very common practice as it contains numbers of plant nutrients. Direct application of POMW into agricultural soil can result in a number of problems such as water pollution, leaching etc. To deal with these problems, vermicomposting of palm oil mill waste may be a sustainable waste management option.There are number of researches going on management of biomass residues from palm oil mill, but very few works are going on vermicomposting of these agro-industrial waste. Vermicomposting of POMW can be a good practice as it will also be helpful in recycling the useful plant nutrients and it is better than that of composting process. Present review deals with the various aspects of vermicomposting of POMW and its importance. Review also put forward the effect of potential application of vermicompost on plant growth. On the whole it looks for the possibility of vermicomposting of waste from palm oil mill as a sustainable waste management alternative. 相似文献
133.
134.
Although moisture has a decisive role in the permanence of cellulose and unprinted paper, its role in ink release from the surface of printed recovered papers remains unclear. This work aimed to determine whether various relative humidity levels in the artificial aging test affect ink release from the surface of the paper and its fibers when pulping cold-set offset printed newspapers in alkaline pulping conditions. The results showed that relative humidity variations from 30% to 70% negligibly affected ink release at 60 °C. However, compared with these lower humidity levels, exposure to 90% relative humidity for at least 25 h resulted in a higher ink content bound to fibers, a greater formation of visible dirt specks after pulping and a smaller formation of microscopic ink particles. In practical applications, the accurate estimation of climate effects during the storage and the transportation of recycled papers requires that humidity conditions are taken into account while performing artificial aging tests with paper products. 相似文献
135.
The crustacean Monoporeia affinis Lindström was exposed to two different concentrations of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) containing, originally, 8.3 mg/g organic chlorine determined as adsorbable organic halogen (AOX). The swimming activity of the animals was recorded by pairs of infra-red sensitive photocells attached to 5.6 1 aquaria having a seawater inflow rate of 12 ml/min. The test sequence included a control phase, an exposure phase and a recovery phase. During the exposure phase the total swimming activity decreased in three of the four test aquaria containing effluent, indicating that the animals had retreated into the sediment. Total activity increased during the recovery phase and, in the case of the lower organic chlorine concentration, activity almost achieved the original control-phase level. Statistical differences in swimming activity changes during experiment were evaluated using ANOVA. Experimental methods are explained in detail. 相似文献
136.
This article reviews attempts by other workers to derive full economic evaluations of local authority waste paper recovery operations and proposals from government bodies to devise uniform costing systems for these schemes. In the light of this work a standard costing system for local authority waste paper recovery operations is proposed. Empirical data was obtained from a number of local authorities and analysed using this standard costing system. The viability of each scheme under the standard costing system and the Council's original costing system is compared. 相似文献
137.
138.
A pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralizing bacterium was isolated from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified
as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CL7. This isolate used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of degrading this
compound as indicated by stoichiometric release of chloride and biomass formation. P. stutzeri (CL7) was able to mineralize a high
concentration of PCP (600 mg/L) than any previously reported Pseudomonad with PCP as sole carbon source. As the concentration
of PCP increased from 50 to 600 mg/L, the reduction in the cell growth was observed and the PCP degradation was more than 90%
in all studied concentrations. This isolate was able to remove 66.8% of PCP from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill when
supplemented with 100 mg/L of PCP and grown for two weeks. This study showed that the removal e ciency of PCP by CL7 was
found to be very e ective and can be used in PCP remediation of pulp paper mill waste in the environment. 相似文献
139.
ZHANG Yejian YAN Li QIAO Xiangli CHI Lin NIU Xiangjun MEI Zhijian ZHANG Zhenjia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(5):558-564
Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product–palm oil mill e uent (POME), posed a great
threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to
solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic
biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined
as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter
in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction e ciency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor,
respectively.With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated
the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured
by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole
treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and
color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The
high-quality e uent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water. 相似文献
140.
废纸制浆造纸业环境影响评价的清洁生产分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,明确了清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性。以重庆某废纸制浆造纸厂为分析对象,从原辅材料指标、产品指标、资源指标、工艺技术与装备水平、能耗指标及污染物产生指标这六个方面对该厂生产工艺进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,并以此探讨废纸制浆造纸厂环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,为完成废纸制浆造纸行业环评过程中的清洁生产分析提供参考。 相似文献