Pentachlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri CL7 in the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralizing bacterium was isolated from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CL7. This isolate used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of degrading this compound as indicated by stoichiometric release of chloride and biomass formation. P. stutzeri (CL7) was able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP (600 mg/L) than any previously reported Pseudomonad with PCP as sole carbon source. As the concentration of PCP increased from 50 to 600 mg/L, the reduction in the cell growth was observed and the PCP degradation was more than 90% in all studied concentrations. This isolate was able to remove 66.8% of PCP from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill when supplemented with 100 mg/L of PCP and grown for two weeks. This study showed that the removal e ciency of PCP by CL7 was found to be very e ective and can be used in PCP remediation of pulp paper mill waste in the environment.     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill e uent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product–palm oil mill e uent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction e ciency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively.With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality e uent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

废纸制浆造纸业环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

文章介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,明确了清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性。以重庆某废纸制浆造纸厂为分析对象,从原辅材料指标、产品指标、资源指标、工艺技术与装备水平、能耗指标及污染物产生指标这六个方面对该厂生产工艺进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,并以此探讨废纸制浆造纸厂环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,为完成废纸制浆造纸行业环评过程中的清洁生产分析提供参考。     

混凝沉淀法—微电解法—生化法处理造纸废水的试验研究

通过静态试验,研究了生化-铁碳微电解-生化、生化-铁碳微电解-混凝沉淀、混凝沉淀-铁碳微电解-生化3种工艺降解造纸废水COD的效果,考察了铁碳微电解法对造纸废水生化性能的改善。试验结果表明,经过铁碳微电解预处理后的造纸废水,其生化性能得以增强;相对混凝沉淀出水,铁碳微电解出水采用生化处理作为后续处理工艺更佳,其COD去除效果更好。     

基于SWOT分析的石头纸发展与对策探讨

石头纸的成功研制,并在今年全国＂两会＂期间登场亮相,引来了各界人士的热切关注。文中运用SWOT分析方法对石头纸进行了初步分析,在加工生产、实现工业共生、回收利用和宣传教育方面给予了相关建议,希望能为石头纸的良性发展提供借鉴。     

制浆废液中有机物资源利用研究

将马尾松KP法制浆过程中产生的废液的浓缩液与甲醛羟甲基化反应的产物,用三聚氰胺树脂进行接枝,制备出一种用于纸浆内添加的新型纸张增强剂.研究了羟甲基化和接枝反应的条件对纸张增强剂的性能及其对纸张物理性能的影响,并优化出反应条件.同时应用红外光谱、扫描电镜考察了纸张增强剂合成机理,证实了改性制浆废液中已经引入了羟甲基,羟甲基化制浆废液与三聚氰胺树脂之间已发生了缩合反应.结果表明,最佳羟甲基化反应条件为:制浆废液质量分数为50%,制浆废液与甲醛的质量比1∶0.2,温度70℃,时间2.5 h,pH值为11.最佳接枝工艺条件为:改性制浆废液质量分数为40%,三聚氰胺用量为改性制浆废液质量的20%,引发剂用量为三聚氰胺质量的5%,接枝反应温度70℃,接枝聚合的pH值为11.在以上条件下,增强剂用量为绝干纸浆的5%时,可使干纸断裂长提高28%,湿纸断裂长达干纸的24%.同时,制浆废液纸张增强剂颜色较深,更适用于对白度要求不高的本色浆产品.     

铁炭微电解法深度处理制浆造纸废水的研究

采用铁炭微电解法对制浆造纸工业中生化处理后的废水进行深度处理研究,考察了废水的初始pH值、反应时间、铸铁屑、活性炭以及H2O2投加量对微电解反应效果的影响.得出的最佳反应条件为:溶液初始pH值为3.0、活性炭投加量8.0 g/L、铸铁屑40.0 g/L、H2O2 7.17 mmol/L以及反应时间60 min.适量H2O2的加入对铁炭微电解反应有明显的强化作用,可使CODcr的去除率增加13.71%.强化微电解反应后再采用8.0 g/L的Ca(OH)2混凝处理,总CODcr和色度去除率分别达到75%和95%.以强化的铁炭微电解与Ca(OH)2混凝联用深度处理后,水质可以达到国家造纸工业水污染物排放一级标准(GB 3544-2001).     

Evaluation of ambient air quality in Guangzhou, China

On the basis of the reported air quality index （API） and air pollutant monitoring data provided by the Guangzhou Environment Monitoring Stations over the last twenty-five years, the characteristics of air quality, prominent pollutants, and variation of the average annual concentrations of SOE, NOE, total suspended particulate （TSP）, fine particulates （PM10）, CO and dustfall in Guangzhou City were analyzed. Results showed that TSP was the prominent pollutant in the ambient air environment of Guangzhou City. Of the prominent pollutants, TSP accounted for nearly 62%, SOE 12.3%, and NOx 6.4%, respectively. The average API of Guangzhou over 6 years was higher than that of Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai, and lower than that of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou. Concentrations of air pollutants have shown a downward trend in recent years, but they are generally worse than ambient air quality standards for USA, Hong Kong and EU. SOE and NOx pollution were still serious, impling that waste gas pollution from all kinds of vehicles had become a significant problem for environmental protection in Guangzhou. The possible causes of worsening air quality were also discussed in this paper.     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

一次性塑料水杯与涂层纸杯的生命周期评价与分析

文章对日常使用的一次性塑料水杯与纸杯的全生命周期进行综合评价,比较两者对环境与人体健康的最终影响。采用了生命周期评价的技术路线与方法进行研究,最终得出一次性PE涂层纸杯的环境影响值大于PP塑料杯的结果。分析结果可得出纸杯在材料采用、制造、能耗等方面的缺陷导致了其环境影响值偏大,而PP塑料杯虽然在资源消耗与可降解性上存在劣势,但从全生命周期的视角上来看,却相对环境影响较小。