MnO2/CFP复合电极的制备及电吸附Pb2+特性的研究

电极材料的形貌结构与电化学性能等将直接影响着电吸附效果.本研究将二氧化锰(Mn O2)通过电沉积的方法负载于碳纤维纸(CFP)材料上,制备获得了Mn O2/CFP复合电极.所制得的Mn O2/CFP复合电极电化学性质稳定、电容量高,复合电极的单位质量比电容量可高达360 F·g-1.用此电极对初始浓度为6 mg·L-1左右的Pb2+溶液进行电吸附,考察了电沉积时间、电压、p H值等因素对复合电极电吸附效果的影响.结果表明,沉积时间为500 s、电压值为1.0 V、p H值为5.0的条件下可获得最佳的电吸附效果,电吸附3 h后原溶液中残留Pb2+达到0.01 mg·L-1以下,去除效率高达99%以上.本研究为水中重金属离子的去除提供了新的技术选择.     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

我国造纸业发展循环经济构想

本文阐述了造纸业循环经济的内涵，分析了影响造纸业循环经济的各种因素，在此基础上。提出了实现造纸业循环经济的途径：优化原料和产品结构，建立废纸回收体系；实施企业规模化，加快技术开发和装备更新，加大治污力度；推行清洁生产和绿色管理，加强企韭和社会生态文化教育以及建立与之相适应的绿色政策保障体系。     

Pollution performance of firms from pulp and paper industries

The water pollution emissions by 13 of the largest pulp and paper companies, developed on the basis of monthly reports filed with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by these companies, indicate a wide disparity in the amount of pollution discharged by them into the nation's waterways. Furthermore, the net discharge of pollution in waterways by all firms is positive, which indicates that all the firms in the study pollute the nation's waterways to some degree. Information presented in this study will be useful for public issues, such as evaluating the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act, government's water pollution policy and abatement strategy, and management's effectiveness in abating water pollution.     

废纸脱墨废水的污染特征及其处理技术

阐述了多种废纸脱墨废水的污染特征及化学法脱墨、酶法脱墨、浮选脱墨、洗涤脱墨、无脱墨机械处理、无脱墨工艺及废纸浆料等因素对废纸脱墨废水污染特征的影响；并对废纸脱墨废水处理技术的研究与应用现状和进展及其优缺点和适用范围等方面进行了综合论述。     

Treatment of bleaching wastewater from pulp paper plants in China using enzymes and coagulants

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废纸类造纸废水的零排放技术及其进展

节约用水和防治环境污染是造纸工业面临的一项重要课题,造纸废水的封闭循环和零排放技术成为废纸类造纸废水处理技术研究的重要方向.以废纸为原料的制浆造纸可望通过采取改进设计,采用合理的工艺和设备,改善和加强管理,加大综合利用等措施,率先实现循环回用废水零排放.本文选取国内外几例实践技术,作一简单介绍,以供参考.     

Model-based direct search optimization of the broke recirculation system in a newsprint mill

This work is concerned with the dynamic modelling of the papermaking section of an integrated newsprint mill, and the subsequent application of two direct search methods in a proof-of-concept optimization study of broke recirculation strategies. The effect of the current broke recirculation policy on the mixed pulp properties at the paper machine headboxes was quantified using a dynamic simulation generating data for an objective function which reflected the rate of change in measurable (flow, consistency and temperature) and immeasurable (total dissolved solids and fibre length distribution) parameters. Genetic Algorithm and the Nelder–Mead simplex methods were then linked dynamically to the simulation and used to find improved ways of recirculating broke pulp. Specifically, the profile of the changes to the broke ratio was modelled using a quadratic function and a second-order transfer function, and the coefficients of these functions were optimized. The optimized broke recirculation resulted in a significant reduction in the value of the objective function, thus, suggesting that the fluctuations in the properties of the mixed pulp stream could be dampened and paper machine headbox stability improved. It is expected that this process enhancement strategy would contribute to an increase in production yield (via a reduction in the occurrence of paper machine breaks), and thus an overall reduction in the waste of materials and energy.     

混凝沉降法处理造纸废水的实验研究

用聚硅酸铝混凝剂处理非化学法制浆造纸废水,确定最佳混凝条件.考查了酸度、混凝剂加入量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对COD去除率的影响.结果表明:酸度在pH 7.80左右,每100 mL污水中聚硅酸铝加入量为0.2 mL,搅拌速度为45r/min,搅拌15s,沉降15min后,测上清液的化学耗氧量,C0D去除率可达88%左右,明显优于传统的铁系混凝剂.该方法效果好、工艺简单、易于操作管理,有实际应用的价值.     

《计算机操作系统》试题库系统的设计与实现

根据现代教育理念与技术的要求,结合《计算机操作系统》课程的教学实际,应用VB 6.0编程语言和SQL Server 2000数据库,开发了《计算机操作系统》试题库系统,实现教考分离,解决了人工出题的随机性。本文介绍了试题库的功能设计、数据库表设计、自动抽题策略、Word试卷组成等技术,具有很强的通用性和可操作性。