某造纸厂废水中二（口恶）英含量及其电子束辐照降解

通过对造纸厂废水中2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的检测,分析了其在造纸厂废水中的浓度水平与特征,并将不同剂量电子束辐照前后废水中2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs浓度水平进行对比,初步探讨了电子束辐照造纸废水中2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的可行性,降解机制以及降解率.结果表明,该造纸厂未经处理过的原水中2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs浓度为239 pg·L-1,毒性当量浓度为41.0pg·L-1.通过用30 kGy和60 kGy剂量的电子束辐照处理后,废水中2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的浓度均有不同程度地降低,其降解率分别为5.27%和23.6%.     

造纸工业废水排放新标准下的小企业生存现状分析

本文课题组通过选择有代表性的某省,走访地方环保部门,深入每家造纸企业,对企业的产品、原料、规模、废水处理工艺及污染防治设施及经济效益等方面数据的收集整理与分析,了解《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)新标准实施后我国小造纸企业的生存现状和显现的问题,提出了为实现我国小造纸企业持续健康发展的对策和建议。     

热重-红外联用分析纸厂废弃塑料的热解特性

利用热重-红外联用技术(TG-FTIR)对纸厂废弃塑料的热解特性及气体释放特性进行了研究。研究表明,塑料的热解过程主要为2个阶段:第1阶段为氯的析出,第2阶段为碳链断裂。随着升温速率的增加,塑料热解的失重速率有所增加,且析出峰向高温方向移动。使用Doyle积分方法进行活化能计算,发现塑料热解所需要的活化能随着反应程度的增加而有所增大。塑料热解脱氯阶段符合三维扩散,球形对称Jander方程;碳链断裂阶段符合二维扩散,圆柱形对称方程。TG-FTIR结果表明,热解的第1阶段析出产物主要为HCl,第2阶段的热解产物主要为烃类化合物。     

Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewaters by Pseudomonas putida mt-2: Toxicity Assessment of Untreated and Treated Effluent

Abstract The aim of this work was to examine the performance of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 in treating olive mill wastewater (OMW) effluent after dilution with sterilized water (33%, v/v) to reduce its bactericide effect. P. putida significantly reduced the color and phenolic compounds in OMW by 75% and 66%, respectively. Dissolved chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removals reached 85.3% and 92.5%, respectively. Genotoxicity of OMW, before and after biodegradation with P. putida mt-2, was evaluated in vitro, using SOS chromotest, and in vivo, in mouse bone marrow, by assessing the percentage of cells bearing different chromosome aberrations. Results indicated that OMW showed a significant ability to induce DNA damage, evaluated by SOS and chromosome aberration assay systems. This toxicity was imputed to the presence of phenolic compounds of OMW. However, the toxicity of OMW was significantly reduced after 48?h of aerobic incubation with P. putida mt-2. The present study demonstrates that P...     

Influence of short-term irrigation of textile mill wastewater on the growth of chickpea cultivars

The effect of textile mill wastewater on germination, delay index, physiological growth parameters, and plant pigments of two cultivars of chickpea was studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of textile mill wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for irrigational purposes. The textile effluent did not show any inhibitory effect on seed germination at a lower concentration (6.25%). The other reported plant parameters (delay index, root length, shoot length, dry weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoid) also followed a similar trend. Seeds germinated in 100% effluents but did not survive for longer periods. It has also been concluded that the effect of the textile effluent is cultivar-specific, and due care should be taken before using the textile mill wastewater for irrigation purposes.     

Reducing climate change gas emissions by cutting out stages in the life cycle of office paper

The paper industry's climate change gas emissions are growing. This article considers how to reduce emissions from cut-size office paper by bypassing stages in its life cycle. The options considered are: incineration, which cuts out landfill; localisation, which cuts out transport; annual fibre, which cuts out forestry and reduces pulping; fibre recycling, which cuts out landfill, forestry and pulping; un-printing, which cuts out all stages except printing; electronic-paper, which cuts out all stages. Un-printing may offer the greatest climate change emission reduction. There are uncertainties in this result, particularly in estimating the proportion of waste office paper would be suitable for un-printing.     

可调型组合式水解-接触氧化工艺研究与工程应用

小型工厂生产废水具有水质、水量波动大的特点,普通处理工艺很难适应有水质、水量的大幅度波动。采取可调性组合式水解酸化-接触氧化工艺具有较高的抗冲击负荷和很好的可调节性,应用该工艺可以使处理设施运行稳定,出水达标排放。     

孟津电厂脱硫项目的工程设计特点

针对孟津脱硫项目无旁路烟道,场地规划小的特点,从主机、工艺、设备、运行等角度全面设计提高该脱硫项目的设计可靠性,以更好的适应主机的运行需要,对于无旁路烟道的脱硫设计提供了一些很好的设计思路,同时建议对于脱硫装置中有干磨系统的设计应更加慎重,特别是在小场地项目中,需要预留出足够的规划场地。     

Technical measures to achieve a cleaner production mode for recycled paper mills

China’s paper production reached 79.8 ×10⁶ t in 2008 and ranked number one in the world. Because of its high consumption of water, energy and materials and its serious pollution, the present processes are not likely to be sustainable. An alternative, the closed Water Loop-Papermaking Integration (WLPI) method, is put forward in this paper. The WLPI method can be realized in a recycled paper mill by adding technologies and using recycled water. Many industrial case studies have shown that a large quantity of water, energy and materials can be saved, and the quantity of waste sludge and wastewater discharge was minimized by using the WLPI method. The design of the water reuse system, control of calcium hardness, water recycling and minimal waste sludge are discussed. Anaerobic technology plays an important role in the WLPI method to lower cost, energy use and waste. In the brown paper and coated white board production, zero-effluent discharge can be realized. Fresh water consumption is only 1–2 m³·t^-1. For the paper mills with deinking and bleaching processes, about 10 m³·t^-1 of fresh water and a similar amount of effluent discharge are needed. Power saving using anaerobic technology is 70% when recycled water is used in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process. Waste sludge can be decreased to about 5% of the initial process due to reuse of the waste sludge and the lower bio-sludge production of the anaerobic process.