光记录相纸由湿度引起的量算误差

光记录相纸在不同的湿度下其宽度变化达 4 2 % ,而由此引起的误差将大大超过资料质量评比条例所规定的量标误差值 ,给数据处理带来影响。本文通过实验 ,得出了在不同湿度下的误差值 ,并提出解决该问题的一些办法与建议。     

Environmentally Sensitive Productivity Analysis of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry, 1959-1994: An Input Distance Function Approach

This study employs a parametric input distance function that incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs to provide a more complete representation of the production technology from which environmentally sensitive productivity and efficiency measures can be generated. This framework also generates pollution abatement cost estimates that are useful for policy making. An input-based Malmquist index of productivity growth that appropriately credits the producer not only for increases in marketable or desirable outputs but also for the production of improved environmental quality through pollution abatement activities is derived from the input distance function. The method was applied to time series data from the Canadian pulp and paper industry. Our shadow price estimates indicate that the marginal cost to producers of pollution control has been rising. The main conclusion of this study is that productivity improvement, from the social viewpoint, has been stronger than conventional measures would suggest.     

制浆造纸废水生物强化技术研究进展

制浆造纸废水是国内外公认的难处理的工业废水之一,文章介绍了生物强化技术在制浆造纸废水中的应用现状,在分析中,主要从生物强化技术、固定化微生物技术和环境生物制剂等方面,总结了制剂造纸废水生物强化技术的研究进展,并讨论了今后的研究方向。     

不同污泥颗粒的干燥特性分析

选取典型的生活污水污泥和造纸污泥进行干燥特性分析,对比了干燥过程中的水分析出特性、污泥球体中心温度变化和物理性质变化。结果表明,无论是生活污水污泥还是造纸污泥,在干燥过程中等速干燥阶段都不明显,而造纸污泥更快达到最大干燥速率,更快进入降速干燥阶段;造纸污泥球的中心温度在高温(250℃)干燥条件下还存在超温的现象,即污泥球中心温度在某段时间内高于干燥温度,形成了蓄热内核;干燥过程中,造纸污泥水分的析出是依靠层层传递,污泥球结构稳定收缩,缩容率相对较小,最终收缩成一硬核;生活污水污泥在干燥中缩容率相对较大,水分析出伴随着外壳的破裂,内层与外界可直接进行热传递交换,干燥后结团性能差,疏散度高,不易定型。     

利用霉菌净化糖厂滤泥方法的优化

为净化糖厂滤泥,使其得到更好的资源化利用,研究pH、时间、温度、转速和接种量对霉菌净化糖厂滤泥效果的影响。在单因素基础之上,选取温度、pH和接种量为自变量,耗糖量为响应值,采用响应面优化法优化霉菌净化糖厂滤泥的条件。利用Box-Behnken设计和方差分析,研究各自变量及其交互作用对耗糖量的影响,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。结果表明,温度30℃,pH为8,接种量为6%为最佳优化条件,在此条件下,耗糖量的实际值为1 040 mg/20g滤泥,理论值为1 061.39 mg/20 g滤泥,两者的相对误差为1.97%。二次响应曲面方差分析结果表明,回归模型达到显著性水平,在研究区域内拟合较好,模型的精密度、可信度和精确度均在可行范围内。说明响应面法优化霉菌净化糖厂滤泥的条件切实可行。     

打造与城市和谐发展的都市型钢厂的实践和探索

介绍了太原钢铁(集团)有限公司探索城市钢厂与城市和谐发展的实践。太钢结合自身的具体情况,通过全流程技术改造和创新,转变钢厂发展方式,承担社会责任,建设资源节约型、环境友好型企业,产品质量、能源消耗、环境保护水平显著改善,成为城市节能减排、构建循环经济的有机组成部分。     

浆纸企业CO2排放因子分析及计算方法研究

根据浆纸生产的工艺特点和生产实际,推导出主流的制浆技术、造纸技术、浆纸废渣替代燃煤、沼气替代燃煤的CO2排放因子分别为0.229,1.304,1.5,3.69t/t.以此为基础并参考相关的资料,分析了纸机的不同部位对CO2排放因子的影响,并模拟了不同生产规模时CO2排放总量.结果表明:浆纸企业CO2排放总量中,造纸系统和废物处理系统占据主导地位分别为54.23%和33.86%,造纸系统和制浆系统中耗热工段对CO2总量的贡献比例分别为75.6%和90.22%,废物处理系统中,浆纸废渣任意弃置和沼气任意排放CO2总量的贡献比例分别为46.06%和47.59%.     

Pore structure and adsorption properties of carbonized material prepared from waste paper

We have already reported the adsorptivity and pore structure of activated carbon made from waste newspaper in order to use the waste paper for purposes other than paper-making stock. However, manufacturing the activated carbon may not necessarily be an advantageous method based on environmental concerns and the effective use of the resource because the reaction during the activating process is endothermic and the amount of carbon consumed is significant. Here, we examine the pore structure and adsorption properties of waste newspaper used as an adsorbent in the form of a carbonized material. Waste newspaper was carbonized for 2 h in the temperature range 400°–1000°C. The specific surface area of the carbonized material obtained, 418 m²/g, was highest for the sample carbonized at 800°C, which was equal to or greater than that of commercially available charcoal. Moreover, the iodine adsorption number of 581 mg/g was the highest and the rate of adsorption was the fastest for the sample carbonized at 800°C. However, the humidity control capability was highest for the material carbonized at 600°–700°C. It has been determined that it is advantageous to carbonize waste paper at 800°C in order to use the carbonized material as an adsorbent, while carbonization at 600°–700°C is more advantageous for use as a humidity control material. Received: June 23, 2000 / Accepted: January 17, 2001     

造纸制浆集中生产及其碱回收与综合废水治理工艺设计

本文介绍了滑县锦华纸业集团新建漂白草浆集中制浆工艺、碱回收及全厂综合废水治理工艺设计。     

沉积物和土壤中磷的生物有效性评估新方法

利用自制的氧化铁/醋酸纤维素复合膜(FeO/CAM)发展了一种沉积物和土壤磷的生物有效性评估的新方法. 结果表明:从沉积物和土壤中解吸的生物有效磷(FeO-P)含量随时间增加而增加,至16～20h左右,解吸过程接近平衡;随着土/水比增大而减小,至20～30g/L左右逐渐趋于平缓,且相对标准偏差较小;膜面积为20～30cm²时FeO-P含量差别较小,且相对标准偏差也较小;适当提高振荡频率(一般200r/min左右),有利于促进FeO-P的提取动力学过程.在用于评估水体沉积物和土壤解吸磷的生物有效性方面,FeO/CAM膜克服了氧化铁浸渍滤纸的缺点,易于商品化,具有更好的应用前景.