混凝法处理造纸废水的实验研究

利用以水玻璃、硫酸、硫酸铝和废铁屑为原料研制出的聚硅酸硫酸铝铁类混凝剂 ,在静态处理造纸废水的基础上 ,使用自行设计的动态模拟实验装置 ,对贵州省某造纸厂总排口废水进行混凝处理。在最佳水力条件下 ,造纸废水色度去除率达 96.9% ,CODCr去除率达 92 .5 % ,出水水质低于国家造纸工业污染物排放一级标准 ,说明复合型聚硅酸铝铁类混凝剂对造纸废水有着优异的去除效果     

螺旋翼片管三辊行星轧机运动分析

分析了螺旋翼片管三辊行星轧机的工作原理 ,给出了传动系统设计的基本公式。     

An intergrated waste survey and environmental effects of COGIDO, a bleached pulp and paper mill in Vietnam, on the receiving waterbody

An integrated investigation on wastewater characterization and the environmental effects from the COGIDO pulp and paper mill in Bien Hoa Industrial Estate, Vietnam, a chlorine bleached soda integrated pulp and paper mill operating without a chemical recovery system, on the receiving water body was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons in 1993 and 1995. The pollution load from the mill was very high in terms of BOD, COD and SS (COD_m: 58.7 t/d; BOD: 33.3 t/d and SS: 25.1 t/d). The effluent toxicity was determined using four toxicity tests: the green micro-alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, Microtox (marine bacteria: Photobacterium phosphoreum), the duckweed, Lemna aequinoctialis, and fish (silver barb: Puntius gonionotus, and Tilapia: Tilapia nilotica). Selenastrum capricornutum was the most sensitive among the tested organisms. The mill toxicity emission rate (TER) was as high as 338 610 (Selenastrum test). The bleaching-pulp and semi-chemical pulp plants which contributed the largest pollution load to the total COGIDO effluent, therefore, were targeted for abatement measures. Physico-chemical parameters as well as qualitative and quantitative aquatic organism composition for the river water were established. The BOD₅ and COD values exceeded the potable surface water standard by a factor of 2 to 4. The species diversity and abundance of the phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos were found to be lower (20–40%) than that of unpolluted rivers in Vietnam, whereas pollution-indicator species increased up to four times during the dry season 1995.     

An Expert System for Waste Management

Management of hazardous waste is an increasing problem for both the companies that generate the waste and for the communities that eventually experience the consequences of the management decisions. Thus, both social and political aspects must be considered when solving these problems. It is thus important that waste management technologies are evaluated by a panel of experts with various backgrounds. The methodology for developing an expert system for waste treatment technology evaluation was discussed. An expert system was developed to select the “best” waste treatment alternatives. This expert system includes two different knowledge bases: one for the economic and technical parts of the problem and another for the social and political aspects. This expert system was developed on an IBM personal computer using Turbo Prolog™. The pulp and paper industry was selected as an example problem for developing this expert system, which system was tested using two example waste streams from the pulp and paper industry. The results agree with the current treatment facilities the companies are using.     

韩桥煤矿-330m水平泵房水泵水垢产生成因研究

2003年4月,徐州矿务集团韩桥煤矿-330m水平泵房出现严重的结垢.首先用X-衍射分析仪对水垢成分进行测试,然后对矿井水的水化学和微生物特征分3个不同时段(2003年4月、2003年10月、2004年4月)采样、测试,并利用水质模拟软件PHREEQC计算方解石、文石、白云石的饱和指数.通过综合对比分析,对水泵结垢原因进行了追踪研究.结果表明,水垢主要成分以碳酸盐水垢为主,微生物主要为球菌和杆菌,水泵结垢与微生物无直接关系;矿井停采前,-330m水平水质类型为SO4-Ca-Mg,SO24-质量浓度高达1613·90mg/L,pH=6.71,矿井停采后,2003年4-10月,-330m东巷水质类型变化为SO4-HCO3-Ca-Mg,其中HCO-3、(K Na )质量浓度明显上升,pH值明显上升,尤其在2003年4月达到最高,为8·36.2003年10月-2004年4月,水质类型又变化为SO4-Ca-Mg,pH值下降为6.35～7.02.综合分析认为,矿井地面某造纸厂碱性污水渗漏引起pH值升高是结垢的主要原因.     

光催化氧化法处理石灰法草浆造纸废水

采用光催化氧化法处理石灰法草浆造纸废水,考察了ZnO加入量、H2O2加入量、废水pH、光照时间与光照强度对废水COD去除率的影响。在ZnO加入量为3g／L、H2O2加入量为14g／L、pH为10．00的条件下,废水经功率500W的低压汞灯照射8h后,其COD为153．8mg／L,COD总去除率可达90％以上。     

Travel duration,energetic expenditure,and patch exploitation in the parasitic wasp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Venturia canescens</Emphasis>

Foraging animals usually keep track of how costly it is to reach new resource patches and adjust patch residence time and exploitation rate accordingly. There are at least two potential factors, which are not necessarily closely linked, that animals could measure to estimate costs of traveling: the time the forager needs to reach the next patch and the amount of energy it has to invest until arrival. In the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens, females forage for hosts from which their offspring can develop. Two different types of this parasitoid exist. The thelytokous type lives in anthropogenic habitats where flight is not necessarily linked with foraging. The arrhenotokous type lives under field conditions and shows frequent flight activity. We tested whether the wasps would use time or energy needed to assess patch availability, by either confining them into vials or letting them travel actively in a flight mill between patch visits. Our results show that in thelytokous lines, time is a sufficient cue influencing patch exploitation and an additional effect of the energy needed was not visible. In the arrhenotokous wasps, however, only the number of rounds flown in the mill influenced subsequent behavior, while mere time spent traveling did not. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Effects of Simulated Sulphuric Acid Deposition On Calluna Vulgaris/Peat Microcosms and Associated Soil Solutions

Calluna vulgaris/peat microcosms have been used in an outdoor simulated acid rain experiment to test a series of hypotheses about sulphuric acid deposition effects upon the growth of Calluna on peat soil, namely: (1) Initially, enhanced acid input will enhance base cation and ammonium concentrations in soil solution. This may enhance uptake of these species, increasing foliar concentrations of base cations and nitrogen, and possibly foliar chlorophyll a and b concentrations. (2) If changes are induced in nutritional status, they may influence plant growth. (3) in the longer term, enhanced ammonium and base cation solubility occurring as a consequence of cation exchange reactions will lead, especially in winter months, to enhanced leaching losses. Hence any positive effects upon plant nutrition will not be sustainable. (4) the peat will acidify significantly over two years, in the shorter term primarily as a consequence of an enhanced mobile anion effect. (5) Acidification may reduce the rate of mineralisation of organic phosphorus and, in a phosphorus-deficient peat soil, this may lead to reduced foliar phosphate concentration and possibly induce phosphorus deficiency.

Most of these hypotheses were supported to some extent by the experimental results. the peat soil solution pH fell immediately in response to the acid treatments, and longer-term acidification continued progressively over the two years of the experiment. in the first year, the treatments significantly influenced the calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen status of the leaves from Calluna new shoots, whereas in the second year calcium, potassium and phosphorus were influenced. However, in both years foliar phosphate concentration was enhanced, rather than reduced, in response to increased acid load. Foliar carbon and nitrogen concentrations fell with increasing acidity of     

Chlorophenol tolerant and degradative bacteria isolated from a river receiving pulp mill discharges

A screening was carried out in a river receiving pulp mill discharges (BioBio river, central Chile) to study the bacterial population able to tolerate and degrade chlorophenols. In four selected stations and at different seasons, water samples were taken from the river. Total bacterial population and the number of chlorophenol tolerant bacteria were counted. Bacterial tolerance to 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) was determined. Strains able to tolerate at least 400 μg/ml chlorophenols were found. Eighteen bacterial strains able to use chlorophenols as the sole carbon source were isolated: five of them were Pseudomonas fluorescens, two Alcaligenes sp., one Citrobacter freundii, one Aeromonas sp. and nine unidentified Gram negative bacilli. A good correlation (r ² = 0.758) between the logarithm of DCP tolerant bacteria and the content of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) at low dilution in the river water was established. Four groups of tolerant bacteria were found: growing on PCP and DCP, growing on PCP and TCP, growing only on PCP and growing only on TCP.     

废纸造纸废水零排放工程实例及清洁生产

介绍了废纸造纸废水特点、零排放技术和废水封闭循环中遇到的问题以及解决措施;通过工程实例论述了废纸造纸废水零排放处理工艺及运行情况,该工程实现了生产、水循环、废物资源化利用一体化的清洁生产模式。