基于人工蜂群算法的边坡最危险滑动面搜索

将用于连续数值优化问题的人工蜂群算法引入边坡稳定分析临界滑动面搜索领域.该方法模拟了蜂群的群体协作采蜜过程,具有自适应收敛的特点,克服了传统方法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,是一种全局优化算法.为进一步改善其在复杂边坡搜索中的效果,将Hooke-Jeeves模式搜索操作引入人工蜂群算法,提出一种用于边坡临界滑动面搜索的模式搜...     

Development of PAOT Tool Kit for Work Improvements in Clinical Nursing

The aim of this study was to develop an action checklist for educational training of clinical nurses. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods. Questionnaire items were extracted through in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey. PASW version 19 and AMOS version 19 were used for data analyses. Reliability and validity were tested with both exploratory and confirmative factor analysis. The levels of the indicators related to goodness-of-fit were acceptable. Thus, a model kit of work improvements in clinical nursing was developed. It comprises 5 domains (16 action points): health promotion (5 action points), work management (3 action points), ergonomic work methods (3 action points), managerial policies and mutual support among staff members (3 action points), and welfare in the work area (2 action points).     

注含氧氮气油藏产出气的爆炸极限与临界氧含量研究

西部某碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏,在注入氮气的过程中,存在着氮气源内含有氧气的问题,这对油田的实际生产产生很大的安全威胁。为了研究该油藏注气的可行性,在室内进行了氮气不同含氧量条件下注入过程、生产过程以及处理过程中的安全性评估实验,得到不同含氧条件下注氮气驱的评价效果。研究表明:在高温高压油藏内部,氧气不会因分子质量较大等原因发生沉积;含氧氮气在油藏内部会与原油发生氧化反应,氧气含量越高,氧化反应越强;氧化产生的CO2对油藏的抽提作用明显,会使油藏流体变稠,气油比降低。文中用化学法和作图法对产出气体的临界氧含量作出简单确定,化学法确定临界氧含量为12%左右,作图法为16%,考虑到安全系数等因素,建议实际生产过程中氧气含量应低于8%。     

Sustainability: through cross-cultural community garden activities

ABSTRACT

Indigenous people, international students, immigrants, and refugee families are particularly vulnerable populations that experience a lack of sustainability for various reasons, including lack of belonging and networks, low income, mental stress, and discrimination. Following a relational participatory action research (PAR) process, this study explores the concept of sustainability among First Nations, visible minorities, and non-visible minorities through cross-cultural activities, such as dance and music, children’s art activities, anti-racist workshops, traditional story-sharing, land-based learning, and cross-cultural food sharing in a community garden setting. This paper argues that cross-cultural activities among First Nations, visible and non-visible minorities in a community garden can create positive change in an urban environment by empowering communities through cross-cultural bridging. Throughout the last six years of my participation in various cross-cultural activities, I have learned that empowerment through cross-cultural activities adheres to particular forms of agency: interspecies communication, community building, and learning about decolonisation and reconciliation. This study provides valuable insights for educators whose goals include incorporating land-based learning as well as creating a sense of belonging among cross-cultural communities, ultimately leading to community sustainability.     

风浪模拟扰动下梅梁湾沉积物的实验研究

在太湖梅梁湾采取沉积物原状芯样,利用沉积物再悬浮振荡器,以100r/min的步长逐步增大隔栅的振荡频率使其在0-800r/min范围内振荡,进行0-0.53N/m2底部切应力条件下的沉积物悬浮模拟实验,揭示上覆水中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、上覆水中可溶性磷(SRP)以及因扰动引起悬浮的颗粒物生物可利用磷(BAP)与切应力水平之间的关系。扰动实验结果表明:(1)上覆水中SPM的含量随切应力的增加而增大,呈现指数上升趋势,采样点沉积物的临界切应力为0.12N/m2。(2)扰动过程中,上覆水中的SRP含量随切应力增加而增大,悬浮颗粒物BAP的含量随切应力的增加而减小,且较大的切应力对SRP和BAP含量产生的影响程度明显大于较小的切应力。(3)上覆水中SRP的含量在临界切应力0.12N/m2后明显上升,悬浮颗粒物BAP的含量在临界切应力0.12N/m2时急剧下降,临界切应力对悬浮过程中营养盐磷的释放影响很大。     

Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load(TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual model

One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude, both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.     

平板膜生物反应器临界通量测定方法研究

临界通量在膜污染控制中是一个非常重要的概念.本文采用通量阶梯式递增法测定平板膜生物反应器的临界通量,在此基础上考察了不同测定参数对临界通量的影响.结果表明,测定临界通量过程中,当初始启动通量小于临界通量时,其对临界通量的测定值影响不大;当通量阶梯递增量增大时,临界通量的测定结果变小;当测定间隔时间段变长时,临界通量的测定结果相应变小.在测定临界通量时,推荐以下测定参数:通量阶梯递增量不大于4 L/(m2·h),测定间隔时间段取15～30 min;初始启动通量的选择要适宜,太大可能导致试验结果的误差.     

用于湿法净化黑烟表面活性剂筛选的数学模型研究

湿法净化燃煤窑炉中的黑烟,关键在于表面活性剂对炭黑的润湿、增溶和降低表面张力作用.根据研究筛选的数学模型,计算AEO-9和SDBS混合表面活性剂溶液的亲水亲油平衡值HLB、临界胶束浓度CMC与胶束形成吉布斯自由能ΔG0mf.通过实验测得不同配比AEO-9和SDBS溶液的CMC和处于该CMC时黑烟的去除效率η,分析混合溶液中HLB、CMC、ΔG0mf与η的关系,建立新的数学模型.结果表明,理论CMC与实测CMC吻合度较好;HLB与ln[CMC]线性相关;ΔG0mf与η存在二次函数关系.降低CMC可以有效增大HLB,增加溶解度,减小形成胶束的吉布斯自由能,降低表面张力,使形成胶束的反应更容易自发进行,有效提高黑烟去除效率.     

丁羟推进剂贮存老化的动态力学性能

采用动态热分析(DMA)方法研究了某丁羟推进剂贮存老化的动态力学性能,借助时间一温度叠加原理,获得时间位移与频率对数的关系曲线及WLF方程的常数,并计算得到固体火箭发动机点火瞬间的推进剂药柱的临界温度tc,并用tc数据预估了发动机点火瞬间推进剂药柱不会由高弹态向玻璃态转变,不会发生断裂与结构完整性破坏.     

China’s Total Emission Control Policy: A Critical Review

Abstract

As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission control policy in the past 10 years and explore emerging issues in its implementation. The article has three sections: a summary of the implementation experience, issues with the design and implementation of the policy, and policy recommendations.