基于综合交通运输成本的港口后勤区域区位评价——以上海外高桥保税物流园区为例

港口后勤区域是港口功能的重要拓展空间,已成为影响港口物流运营效率的重要因素。运用ARCVIEW网络分析模块,从交通运输成本的角度,通过分析港口后勤区域候选点到直接腹地、间接腹地的运输成本,以及各候选点的综合运输成本进而对外高桥港口后勤区域区位进行研究。研究表明:外高桥保税物流园区至港区的运输成本系数为0.381 4、0.275 9、0.319 5和0.211 8,整体处于较高水平;到直接腹地的运输成本系数分别为1.107 93、1.136 49、1.085 24和1.109 76,处于偏低水平;到间接腹地的运输成本系数分别为0.874 5、0.935、0.825 4和0.874,整体处于中等水平;到腹地的运输成本系数分别为0.944 5、0.995 4、0.903 4和0.944 7,整体处于中等偏弱地位。外高桥保税物流园区到港区和腹地的综合运输成本系数分别为0.663、0.635 7、0.611 4和0.578 2,综合区位条件较好。今后,随着外高桥港区货运量的增加,保税物流园区应该向东南方向拓展。     

平行岭谷区都市城郊耕地景观演变案例研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

为研究都市城郊耕地景观的演变历程,总结耕地景观演变模式进而为未来研究区的农业资源合理利用和优化调控提供可借鉴性措施,以重庆市沙坪坝区为例,按其地貌特征从东至西划分为东部丘陵A区、岩溶低山B区、中部浅丘C区、西部岩溶低山D区4个区域,以1979年的MSS影像、1988、1995、2001、2007和2010年5个时期的TM影像为基本数据源,采用景观指数和定量表征指标,分析了沙坪坝区耕地景观空间格局演变、空间分布变化幅度及其种植结构引起的耕地景观功能变化。结果表明：A、B、C、D 4区耕地平均斑块面积在1979～2010年有了较大程度的减小,相应的斑块数目有了显著的增加,斑块密度呈现逐步增加的趋势,多样性指数和均匀度指数除了A区在逐步减小外,其他3区均呈增大趋势,耕地景观总体的破碎化程度增加了。2001年以前,除了A区快速减少外,各区耕地面积相对稳定;2001年为界限至今,A、C两区耕地演变属于快速消退型,B、D区则属于逐渐消退型。从2003年到2007年研究区种植作物类型及各区功能定位有所变化,研究区正处于从传统都市城郊农业向现代都市农业的转变中。研究区耕地景观从东部主城核心区到西部缙云山区,呈现跳跃突变式演变的特殊模式     

Effects of the adaptations to climate changes on the income of herdsmen in Qinghai Province

This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The survey was first implemented in three counties in the Three Headwaters Region.Finally the measures and recommendations suitable for the economic development in the ecologically fragile areas were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:priority can be given to the measures to prevent the damage from rats and the engineering measures for pasture maintenance in Zeku County,where the geological conditions and grass quality are inferior,while the fiscal subsidy can be prioritized in Tongde County where the grassland area is relatively less.These recommendations can not only provide good reference for the protection of grassland resources,but they also lay a foundation for the implementation of more suitable measures to help the herdsmen in the ecologically fragile areas to adapt to the climate change.     

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the development of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.     

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

Abstract

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in “the effects of contra-geography-grads development”. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of “the vicious circle of poverty” by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called “the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River” is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Abstract

Ecological footprint (EF) has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.     

淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征及控制因素

为厘清淮南矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征和控制因素,采集115组地下水和30组地表水样品,基于数理统计、 Piper三线图、 Gibbs图、矿物稳定场图和离子比例系数等方法,分析了淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水的水文地球化学特征,研究了其水化学特征演变规律.结果表明,淮南煤矿区地下水和地表水呈弱碱性,地表水和地下水中优势阴阳离子为HCO^-₃、 Ca⁺和Na⁺.HCO₃-Ca型和HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg型为地表水和地下水的主要水化学类型.地下水和地表水的水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制,阳离子交替吸附和蒸发对其有一定的促进作用.水岩作用以硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的溶解为主,碳酸盐岩的溶解制约Ca²⁺、 Mg²⁺和HCO^-₃等离子的变化.地表水和地下水中Cl^-、 SO₄^2-、 NO^-₃     

成都龙泉山地区建设用地生态适宜性评价

随着景观格局与生态过程之间的关系日益受到重视,传统的评价方法已经不能满足生态适宜性评价的发展需要。本文以成都市龙泉山地区为例,从景观类型、生态功能、生态价值、土壤侵蚀敏感性和地质灾害敏感性5个方面建立评价指标体系,分别采用最小累积阻力模型和模糊综合评判法描述水平生态过程和垂直生态过程下的生态适宜性,综合两种评价结果进行建设用地的生态适宜性评价。研究结果表明,模型机理的差异使评价结果有着很大的区别,两种方法的综合应用可以有效弥补彼此的不足,本文将研究区的生态适宜性评价结果划分为禁止开发区、严格限建区、一般限建区、重点开发区和优化开发区5个分区,各区的面积分别为259．70km^2、793．89km2、1220．35km2、739．68km2和490．42km2。以往的生态适宜性评价方法往往单一地考虑水平或者垂直生态过程,本文构建的这种综合水平和垂直生态过程的评价方法为生态适宜性评价的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

有冰条件下撇油器回收溢油速率试验研究＊

为评价一种进口多功能撇油器应对渤海冬季溢油的能力,试验分别对刷式、盘式、鼓式三种撇油头在无冰和有冰(冰密集度约5成)条件下进行收油速率测试。试验以100 L油品为基数,测出在各种组合条件下回收油品所需要的时间,并把鼓式撇油头在有冰条件下的泵速提高,再进行试验。结果发现三种撇油方式的回收速率不仅与撇油头类型有关,同时也取决于是否有冰;在有冰条件下,三种撇油头收油效果都受到影响,其中盘式撇油器受影响最大,无法回收溢油;在有冰条件下加大鼓式撇油头泵速会提高总回收速率,但含水率同时提高;对凝固原油,撇油器无能为力。试验结果对正确评估三种类型的撇油头在两种情况下的收油效果和相关单位应具备的清除溢油能力,以及今后引进设备提高应急能力将起到借鉴作用。