双套管长距离气力输送技术的应用

介绍了北仑发电厂5×600 MW机组烟气脱硫项目石灰石粉双套管长距离气力输送工程的系统设计、安装、调试、运行等情况,并分析了该系统的主要特点.     

中小口径薄壁管材多辊冷轧工艺研究

本文以二号紫铜(T2)、奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)、20号碳钢管为例,介绍了中小口径薄壁管的冷轧加工成形的工艺及生产出现的有关问题。     

新建装置伴热管线设计问题分析及整改措施

就某公司新建的制加氢联合装置伴热管线设计不能满足开工和伴热需求问题进行了分析,针对伴热管线设计中存在问题,提出整改措施,并且加以实施,最终保证了新建装置在-40℃的冬季顺利开工。     

餐饮业烟道油垢燃烧特性及动力学模型

利用热重分析仪研究了餐饮业油烟道油垢在不同升温速率下的燃烧特性.所采用的升温速率分别为5℃/min、15℃/min和25℃/min.吹扫气体为干空气,流量为20 mL/min.结果表明,试样从常温至800℃的升温燃烧经历了第1步水分析出、第2～5步燃烧失重过程.采用Doyle和Coats-Redfern方法建立了"4阶段1级反应动力学模型",计算燃烧反应的动力学参数.并用试验热重曲线验证了模型的可靠性.研究表明,油垢燃烧失重的4个主要过程均可用简单反应动力学模型进行简化,反应级数为1;燃烧总趋势是随升温速率提高,活化能增大.     

开口钢管内甲烷爆炸火焰厚度和压力发展特征

通过搭建长为20m、截面为0.08m×0.08m的非绝热开口钢管,研究了甲烷与空气预混气体发生爆炸后的火焰和压力发展特征。实验结果表明:火焰信号最强的时刻对应于火焰前锋反应区内某时刻,而火焰信号起始上升时刻与火焰前锋预热区起始时刻接近,应选择某点火焰信号起始上升时刻作为该点的火焰到达时间。随着远离点火源距离的增加,火焰厚度呈现先变薄后变厚的变化趋势,最大超压呈现先减小、后增大、再减小的趋势,火焰传播速度则呈先增大后减小的变化过程。非绝热开口钢管的实验条件对爆炸超压和火焰传播速度的影响较大。研究成果可为甲烷爆炸致灾机制及防控的研究提供参考。     

海水管系中异种金属管道耦接腐蚀模拟研究

目的 研究船舶海水管系中常见异种金属管道之间的电偶腐蚀问题。方法 使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件,模拟研究紫铜（TP2Y）/#20钢、B10铜合金/921A钢、921A钢/锡青铜（XQT）耦接管道在3.5%NaCl溶液中管道内表面的电位、电流密度分布规律及耦接60 d后的电偶腐蚀状况。结果 异种金属管道耦接情况时,紫铜、B10铜以及锡青铜管道作为电偶腐蚀偶对中的阴极而受到保护,20号钢和921A钢管道为阳极,发生电偶腐蚀。当紫铜/20号钢管道耦接时,紫铜管道受保护长度距离耦接处约425 mm,而20号钢管道的电偶腐蚀长度距法兰耦接处约500mm;当B10铜合金/921A钢耦接时,B10铜合金管道受保护长度约500 mm,921A钢管道受到电偶腐蚀的长度约780 mm;当921A钢/锡青铜管道耦接时,锡青铜管道受保护长度约620 mm,而921A钢管道电偶腐蚀长度约820 mm。模拟结果还表明,当耦接时间达60 d后,紫铜与20号钢管道耦接时,20号钢管道内壁靠近处的腐蚀深度最大约为5.57μm;B10与921A钢管道耦接时,921A钢管道内壁的腐蚀深度达到8.31μm;...     

影响无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统的几个主要因素

为了进一步明确植物、土壤、管道对无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统中污染物去除的贡献能力大小,采用2种植物、2种管道、2种土壤组合形成8个平行系统,采用对比实验方法研究了植物、管道、土壤对地下渗滤系统中污染物去除效果的改变。结果表明,植物、土壤、管道任一因素的单独影响效应显著,但是组合后的交互效应不存在显著差异。而且,在土壤、植物、管道3因素中限定其中2个因素,对比研究另外一种因素的条件下,得到在COD、TP、NH4＋-N、TN的去除效果上,变化趋势相同,均是渗滤管外径200mm〉渗滤管外径160mm,吉祥草〉灯芯草,砂壤土〉粘土,且部分存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。     

常用曝气系统在城市给水工程中的应用对比

生物接触氧化法作为城市给水工程生物预处理工艺,近年来得到了日益广泛的实际应用。本文对给水生物接触氧化法预处理工艺中常用的两种曝气系统(微孔曝气器曝气和穿孔管曝气)作了简单介绍,并结合中试试验和工程实践对这两种不同曝气系统作了充氧性能、系统造价、运行成本及运行管理等方面的比较分析。研究表明,在实际污水处理厂生物池曝气系统应用中,采用微孔曝气器的曝气系统优于采用穿孔管的曝气系统。     

Evaluation of the Use of Artificial Neural Networks for the Simulation of Hybrid Solar Collectors

Abstract

In the last decade, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been receiving an increasing attention for simulating engineering systems due to some interesting characteristics such as learning capability, fault tolerance, speed and nonlinearity. This article describes an alternative approach to assess two types of hybrid solar collector/heat pipe systems (plate heat pipe type and tube heat pipe type) using ANNs. Multiple Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) and Radial Basis Networks (RBFs) were considered. The networks were trained using results from mathematical models generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The mathematical models were based on energy balances and resulted in a system of nonlinear equations. The solution of the models was very sensitive to initial estimates, and convergence was not obtained under certain conditions. Between the two neural models, MLPs performed slightly better than RBFs. It can be concluded that similar configurations were adequate for both collector systems. It was found that ANNs simulated both collector efficiency and heat output with high accuracy when “unseen” data were presented to the networks. An important advantage of a trained ANN over the mathematical models is that convergence is not an issue and the result is obtained almost instantaneously.     

Review on corrosion and corrosion scale formation upon unlined cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems

The qualified finished water from water treatment plants (WTPs) may become discolored and deteriorated during transportation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), which affected tap water quality seriously. This water stability problem often occurs due to pipe corrosion and the destabilization of corrosion scales. This paper provides a comprehensive review of pipe corrosion in DWDSs, including corrosion process, corrosion scale formation, influencing factors and monitoring technologies utilized in DWDSs. In terms of corrosion process, corrosion occurrence, development mechanisms, currently applied assays, and indices used to determine the corrosion possibility are summarized, as well as the chemical and bacterial influences. In terms of scale formation, explanations for the nature of corrosion and scale formation mechanisms are discussed and its typical multilayered structure is illustrated. Furthermore, the influences of water quality and microbial activity on scale transformation are comprehensively discussed. Corrosion-related bacteria at the genus level and their associated corrosion mechanism are also summarized. This review helps deepen the current understanding of pipe corrosion and scale formation in DWDSs, providing guidance for water supply utilities to ensure effective measures to maintain water quality stability and guarantee drinking water safety.