基于突变理论的目的地旅游安全评价研究

目的地各种旅游突发事件频发,旅游安全的不确定性愈发凸显,旅游安全评价是目的地旅游安全与应急管理的当务之急。依据目的地旅游安全系统的概念及结构,目的地旅游安全系统包括三个子系统,即核心子系统、辅助子系统和保障子系统,并以此构建了目的地旅游安全评价指标体系,同时应用突变理论模型评价方法,对2005~2011年上海市旅游安全度进行测定和判断。结果显示:上海市旅游安全度总体呈上升趋势波动,基本都处于安全区,存在潜在风险。科学合理的旅游安全评价为目的地旅游风险预警、风险防范及规避提供参考。     

变换炉的风险评估技术

在设计阶段对压力容器出具风险评估报告会增加设计难度,也对设计人员有了更高的要求。针对如何具体实施风险评估,本文提出了煤化工行业变换炉的风险评估的技术,以便与同行交流,旨在推广风险评估技术,促进风险评估技术的应用推广。     

宝鸡市人水和谐评价研究

以宝鸡市为例建立区域人水和谐评价指标体系及评价模型。在阐述人水和谐内涵的基础上,构建宝鸡市人水和谐评价指标体系。根据对立统一可变模糊集理论及合作博弈思想,建立基于合作博弈权重的可变模糊集模型,评价人水复合系统的综合发展水平;以水系统和人类系统的综合发展水平为基础,采用协调性指数模型揭示两系统间的相互协调关系,由人水系统的信息熵得到人水复合系统的协调度,以此建立信息熵协调度模型,评价人水复合系统协调度;以人水复合系统综合发展水平和协调度为基础,综合评价人水复合系统的和谐度。应用此模型对宝鸡市2001—2010 年的人水和谐程度进行评价,和谐度在0.631~0.833 之间。与模糊物元评价模型结果对比分析,评价结果基本一致,表明文中模型有效可行,结果可靠。通过对宝鸡市人水和谐评价指标体系和评价模型研究,以期为人水和谐的深入研究提供一种实用可操作的定量评价方法。     

区域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系构建

基于区域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系（Indicators System for Sustainability AssessmentofWater Resources Use, ISSAWRU）构建的一般方法与步骤,论文围绕初始、优化和评价检验三个过程构建ISSAWRU;针对ISSAWRU构建中的指标信息重复和干扰问题,提出相关分析与粗糙集Horafa 属性约简算法相结合的方法实现指标体系的优化,并采用灰色系统理论与粗糙集耦合的评价方法对优化结果进行评价检验。以福建省为例,9 个设区市为研究单元,依据可持续发展理论,从水资源条件、开发利用状况、生态环境和社会经济四个方面,构建由30 项指标组成的初始ISSAWRU,通过筛选得到由12 项指标构成的优化ISSAWRU,进而对这两套指标体系进行评价。结果分析表明：相关分析与粗糙集Horafa 属性约简算法相结合的指标信息优化方案是可靠的;筛除重复和干扰指标信息,简化了繁杂的指标体系,降低了后续评价的计算复杂度,并且信息筛选后的优化ISSAWRU比初始ISSAWRU评价结果更合理。     

城镇污水处理厂清洁生产等级评价二元语义模型与方法

为解决城镇污水处理厂清洁生产等级评价问题,采用定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法,着重构建了城镇污水处理厂清洁生产等级评价指标体系及其权重确定方法;利用线性加权综合评价方法、模糊数学和二元语义概念,建立了城镇污水处理厂清洁生产等级评价模糊综合模型,并据此提出级别特征值概念,进而建立城镇污水处理厂清洁生产等级评价的二元语义模型与方法.实例计算分析说明,文中建立的清洁生产等级评价二元语义模型与方法可操作性强,等级评定结果比采用隶属度最大原则更直观、更便于解释,具有很好的应用与推广价值.     

湖库富营养化的改进型模糊综合评价方法研究

针对水体富营养化评价系统的非线性、模糊综合评价法过程中权重赋予的主观随意性和隶属函数的不准确性等特点,对传统模糊综合评价法进行了改进,并据此对我国24个代表性湖库的富营养化程度进行了评价.其中以SPSS16.0和Yaaph软件为载体,采用层次分析法和主成分分析法相结合来确定选取因子的权重.根据确定的评价标准作自然对数变换使之线性化,并结合由基础数据统计分布情况,生成各评价因子隶属于各营养等级的对数形式的降半梯形隶属函数,进而得到各湖库的确定度,最后依据最大确定度得到湖库富营养化级别.该法所得结果与湖库实际富营养化状况以及现有多种评价方法的结果的对比表明,该改进方法的评价结果真实、准确、计算简单,具有可行性.     

Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

Targeting for optimal grid-wide deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques are considered as one of the promising approaches to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil fuel based power generation, which still accounts for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. CCS technology can be used to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, with the additional advantage that it allows continuing use reliable and inexpensive fossil fuels. However, CCS retrofit entails major capital costs as well as a reduction of overall thermal efficiency and power output. Thus, it is essential for planning purposes to implement the minimal extent of CCS retrofit while meeting the specified carbon emission limits for the power sector. At the same time, it is necessary to plan for compensatory power generation capacity to offset energy losses resulting from CCS retrofit. In this paper, an algebraic targeting technique is presented for planning of grid-wide CCS retrofits in the power generation sector with compensatory power. The targeting technique is developed based on pinch analysis. In addition, the proposed methodologies are illustrated through case studies based on grid data in India and the Philippines. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the suitable CCS technology and compensatory power source which satisfy emission limits.     

环氧乙烷生产装置的安全分析与评价

综合运用道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法,事故树分析以及事件树分析对环氧乙烷生产装置进行安全评价,定量地得出装置的危险程度,定性地分析了各危险因素的大小以及系统中各元件的故障率对事故发生概率的影响程度,并提出了改进措施.结果表明,该装置的危险程度很大,必须加强安全生产管理,采取有效措施控制氧气的浓度,从而降低危险性等级,保证生产安全.