我国水生生态系统优先控制有机污染物的研究现状

介绍了我国对水生生态系统各相中各类环境优先控制有机污染物的分布、迁移转化规律及其归宿等方面的研究成果,着重论述了多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药等在沉积物中的分布特征及污染来源判别的研究状况,同时指出了我国目前对于环境优先控制有机污染物研究的薄弱环节和今后努力的方向.      

聚氯乙烯生产过程中大气污染物的产生及治理措施

通过对聚氯乙烯生产工艺的分析,说明聚氯乙烯生产过程中主要污染物氯乙烯单体的产生部位和特点,在此基础上分析其治理措施情况,最终提出高效、可行、且易操作的治理措施。     

GC-MS法对垃圾渗滤液生物处理前后微量有机物的研究

运用GC—MS联用技术对吴江市生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液及生物处理曝气池出水中的微量有机物进行了检测,测得进水主要有机污染物53种,出水主要有机污染物55种。微量有机物总去除率与CODCr去除率相近。     

严格依法管理污染物排放标准

本文提出了当前污染物排放标准工作中存在的问题,论述了规范污染物排放标准管理的严肃性和重要性。     

STORM DISCHARGE,LOADS, AND AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS IN NORTHWEST OHIO RIVERS, 1975–19951

ABSTRACT: A computerized technique was developed to identify storm runoff episodes and calculate storm discharges, storm loads, and storm average concentrations for each event in datasets with up to 10,000 records. This technique was applied to four watersheds within the Lake Erie drainage basin and identified between 160 and 250 runoff events in each. Storm event loads and storm event mean concentrations were calculated for each runoff event for suspended solids, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. The basic characteristics of the resulting data are described, as are systematic differences as a function of watershed size, seasonal differences, and trends over time. Many of the results of this study reflect the importance of nonpoint processes and improvements in agricultural best management practices in these watersheds.     

用分担率-效益模型确定自动监测系统的安装范围

考虑到我国的污染物控制目标和国情,从污染物排放总量控制及其成本-效益(cost-effect)的角度出发,综合各方面因素对污染物分担率的影响,提出综合累积分担率-效益模型,利用该模型可以计算出成本-效益最优的安装范围.同时可根据环境管理所容许的最低效益,确定需要安装自动在线监测系统的范围及其方法,并以1999年某市污染源COD排放量和1998年全国重点污染源COD排放量的统计资料为例,计算了需要建立自动在线监测系统的企业数及其总成本,为环境管理决策提供科学依据.      

固定化絮凝剂-催化电极协同治理染整污水研究

以颗粒状沸石为载体 ,表面涂履碱式聚合氯化铝而制备成固定化絮凝剂 ;以金属钛为载体 ,表面修饰钌氧化物膜 ,制备成催化电极 ,染整工业污水在以固定化絮凝剂 -催化电极填充的絮凝电氧化床内 ,于 4.0V恒电压和 30℃下催化电解 5h ,可达工业污水排放标准。     

基于COD通量的钱塘江流域水污染生态补偿量化研究

水污染生态补偿是解决流域跨界水污染纠纷的重要措施。以行政单元为补偿主体，通过交界断面水质目标确立上下游政府间的水污染生态补偿责任，建立基于污染物通量的生态补偿量化计算方法，并提出了生态补偿运作模式。以钱塘江流域为例，根据2004年钱塘江流域水质状况，在75%保证率的水文条件下，基于COD通量估算了流域内各县（市）间水污染生态补偿量。结果表明，生态补偿量反映区域污染特点，上游地区基本上都是接受补偿者，而呈结构性污染的地区是生态补偿支付者，部分区域补偿强度超过当地经济发展水平，表明其发展不具有可持续性。钱塘江流域水污染生态补偿模式可以是政府层面上的财政支助，也可以通过项目支持、技术支持等形式实现区域间的补偿。通过生态补偿机制的实施，将对流域水环境保护起到积极的激励作用。     

Use of residence time distribution for evaluation of gaseous pollutant volatilization from stored swine manure

Abstract

A quantification analysis for evaluation of gaseous pollutant volatilization as a result of mass transfer from stored swine manure is presented from the viewpoint of residence time distribution. The method is based on evaluating the moments of concentration vs. time curves of both air and gaseous pollutants. The concept of moments of concentration histories is applicable to characterize the dispersal of the supplied air or gaseous pollutant in a ventilated system. The mean age or residence time of airflow can be calculated from an inverse system state matrix [B]‐1 of a linear dynamic equation describing the dynamics of gaseous pollutant in a ventilated airspace. The sum elements in an arbitrary row i in matrix [B]‐1 is equal to the mean age of airflow in airspace i. The mean age of gaseous pollutant in airspace i can be obtained from the area under the concentration profile divided by the equilibrium concentration reading in that space caused by gaseous pollutant sources. Matrix [B]‐1 can also be represented in terms of the inverse local airflow rate matrix ([W]‐1), transition probability matrix ([P]), and air volume matrix ([V]) as, [B]‐1 =[W]‐1[P][V]. Finally the mean age of airflow in a ventilated airspace can be interpreted by the physical characteristics of matrices [W] and [P]. The practical use of the concepts is also applied in a typical pig unit.     

城市水环境控制单元污染物入河量估算方法

在资料不全且无法进行试验的地区,为了估算污染物进入目标水体的负荷,需要充分利用易获得的数据.使用污染源普查数据和土地利用数据,同时考虑距离对污染物入河过程的影响,来估算水环境控制单元内的污染物入河量.大辽河水环境控制单元营口段是以城区污染为主的城市水环境控制单元,以大辽河水环境控制单元营口段为例估算控制单元内污染物入河量,并进行分析.结果表明使用污染源普查数据和土地利用数据,在根据距离考虑入河系数的情况下能够较准确的估算出污染物入河量,可以为后期进行水环境容量核定工作提供基础数据,同时为城市规划管理者提供制定减排政策的依据.