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151.
152.
153.
Hideyuki?TagayaEmail author Yoko?Shibasaki Chie?Kato Jun-ichi?Kadokawa Bunpei?Hatano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):1-5
Epoxy resin and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin were decomposed into their monomers such as phenol, cresols, and their analogues by thermal treatment in sub- and supercritical water in a 10-ml tubing bomb reactor. The addition of basic compounds such as Na2CO3 was effective in promoting the decomposition reaction of the resins. In the reaction of epoxy resin, the yield of identified products reached 10% for the reaction at 703K over 1h. In the reaction of PEEK resin, the total yield of phenol and dibenzofuran reached 88% for the reaction at 703K over 3h. Chemical participation of water in the decomposition reaction was confirmed by the reaction of dinaphthylether. 相似文献
154.
Ranjith Jayasekara Ian Harding Ian Bowater Gregor B. Y. Christie Greg T. Lonergan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2003,11(2):49-56
Several starch/PVA/glycerol polymer blends were prepared by a solution casting technique and examined for biodegradation by composting over 45 days. Within this time frame, the starch and glycerol components were fully degraded, leaving the PVA component essentially intact. The lowest PVA content film (20%) was selected as a polymer with enough PVA to impart important physical characteristics, but also enough starch to be considered biodegradable. The film characteristics were further improved by surface modification with chitosan. This modification did not interfere with the biodegradation of the starch component. Furthermore, there was slight evidence that PVA biodegradation had been initiated in composted, surface modified starch/PVA blends. 相似文献
155.
羧基丁苯聚合物混凝土小变形阻尼研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
材料的阻尼是衡量材料本身成振性能的主要指标。本文采用自由振动法测试得到了一批羧基丁苯混凝土小变形阻尼比的基础性数据。试验结果表明:所采用的阻尼比测试方法和试验过程是可靠的;对同类型的混凝土,混凝土的阻尼比随丁苯胶掺量的增加而增大,混凝土的弹性模量随丁苯胶掺量的增加而降低;丁苯胶掺量在10%~15%时,可获得阻尼比、弹性模量和抗压强度均较高的混凝土。 相似文献
156.
Randal L. Shogren Zoran Petrovic Zengshe Liu Sevim Z. Erhan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(3):173-178
The potential biodegradability of several vegetable oil-based polymers was assessed by respirometry in soil for 60–100 days at temperatures of 30–58°C. Films of soybean oil and linseed oil which were oxidatively polymerized (Co catalyst) on a kraft paper support were 90%–100% mineralized to CO2 after 70 days at 30°C. Mineralization of polymerized tung oil to CO2 was much slower than soy or linseed oils. Mineralization of epoxy resins made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was rapid while mineralization of similar resins made with a triacid (citric) was slower. There was no significant degradation of polyamine/ESO resins after 100 days at 58°C. Mineralization of the available carbon in vegetable oil polyurethanes and cationically polymerized ESO was less than 7.5% after 70 days at 30°C and 25 days at 55°C compared to 100% for soybean oil. From these results, it appears that triglycerides highly cross-linked with non-degradable linkages are not biodegradable to a significant extent while triglycerides cross-linked with hydrolysable bonds such as esters remain biodegradable. 相似文献
157.
Ji-Dong Gu D. Eberiel S. P. McCarthy R. A. Gross 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(4):281-291
Residual cellulose acetate (CA) films with initial degree of substitution (DS) values of 1.7 and 2.5 (CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) were recovered from a simulated thermophilic compost exposure and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine changes in polymer molecular weight and DS and to study microbial colonization and surface morphology, respectively. During the aerobic degradation of CA DS-1.7 and CA DS-2.5 films exposed for 7 and 18 days, respectively, the number-average molecular weight (M
n) of residual polymer decreased by 30.4% on day 5 and 20.3% on day 16, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in the degree of substitution from 1.69 to 1.27 (4-day exposure) and from 2.51 to 2.18 (12-day exposure) was observed for the respective CA samples. In contrast, CA films (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) which were exposed to abiotic control vessels for identical time periods showed no significant changes inM
n and DS. SEM photographs of CA (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) film surfaces after compost exposures revealed severe erosion and corresponding microbial colonization. Similar exposure times for CA films in abiotic control vessels resulted in only minor changes in surface characteristics by SEM observations. The conversion of CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 to CO2 was monitored by respirometry. In these studies, powdered CA was placed in a predigested compost matrix which was maintained at 53°C and 60% moisture content throughout the incubation period. A lag phase of 10- and 25-day duration for CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5, respectively, was observed, after which the rate of degradation increased rapidly. Mineralization of exposed CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 powders reported as the percentage theoretical CO2 recovered reached 72.4 and 77.6% in 24 and 60 days, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that microbial degradation of CA films exposed to aerobic thermophilic laboratory-scale compost reactors not only results in film weight loss but also causes severe film pitting and a corresponding decrease in chainM
n and degree of substitution for the residual material. Furthermore, conversions to greater than 70% of the theoretical recovered CO2 for CA (DS 1.7 and 2.5) substrates indicate high degrees of CA mineralization.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas. 相似文献
158.
Bernd Holger Briese Bernhard Schmidt Dieter Jendrossek 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1994,2(2):75-87
Four polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) depolymerases were purified from the culture fluid ofPseudomonas lemoignei: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), depolymerase A (M
r
, 55,000), and PHB depolymerase B (M
r
, 67,000) were specific for PHB and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) as substrates. The third depolymerase additionally hydrolyzed poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHV) at high rates (PHV depolymerase;M
r
, 54,000). The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the three purified proteins, of a fourth partially purified depolymerase (PHB depolymerase C), and of the PHB depolymerases ofComamonas sp. were determined. Four PHA depolymerase genes ofP. lemoignei (phaZ1,phaZ2,phaZ3, andphaZ4) have been cloned inEscherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence ofphaZ1 has been determined recently (D. Jendrossek, B. Müller, and H. G. Schlegel,Eur. J. Biochem.
218, 701–710, 1993). In this study the nucleotide sequences ofphaZ2 andphaZ3 were determined.PhaZ1,phaZ2, andphaZ4 were identified to encode PHB depolymerase C, PHB depolymerase B, and PHV depolymerase, respectively.PhaZ3 coded for a novel PHB depolymerase ofP. lemoignei, named PHB depolymerase D. None of the four genes harbored the PHB depolymerase A gene, which is predicted to be encoded by a fifth depolymerase gene ofP. lemoignei (phaZ5) and which has not been cloned yet. The deduced amino acid sequences ofphaZ1–phaZ3 revealed high homologies to each other (68–72%) and medium homologies to the PHB depolymerase gene ofAlcaligenes faecalis T1 (25–34%). Typical leader peptide amino acid sequences, lipase consensus sequences (Gly-Xaa-Ser-Xaa-Gly), and unusually high proportions of threonine near the C terminus were found in PhaZ1, PhaZ2, and PhaZ3. Considering the biochemical data of the purified proteins and the amino acid sequences, PHA depolymerases ofP. lemoignei are most probably serine hydrolases containing a catalytical triad of Asp, His, and Ser similar to that of lipases. A comparison of biochemical and genetic data of various eubacterial and one eukaryotic PHA depolymerases is provided also.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois. 相似文献
159.
高分子材料耐候性试验测试方法概述及评价指标的选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高分子材料耐候性试验测试及其评价一直是材料科学与工程方面的一个重要研究课题,本文主要介绍当前高分子材料耐候性测试中常用的几种方法,并比较这些耐候性试验方法的优缺点;同时介绍进行高分子材料耐候性试验时性能变化评价指标和终止指标的选择. 相似文献
160.
Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an
adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous
solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite
in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B
was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent
were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range
6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm
data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried
out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary
solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type)
equation. 相似文献