羧基丁苯聚合物混凝土小变形阻尼研究

材料的阻尼是衡量材料本身成振性能的主要指标。本文采用自由振动法测试得到了一批羧基丁苯混凝土小变形阻尼比的基础性数据。试验结果表明:所采用的阻尼比测试方法和试验过程是可靠的;对同类型的混凝土,混凝土的阻尼比随丁苯胶掺量的增加而增大,混凝土的弹性模量随丁苯胶掺量的增加而降低;丁苯胶掺量在10％～15％时,可获得阻尼比、弹性模量和抗压强度均较高的混凝土。     

Biodegradation Behavior of Some Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers

The potential biodegradability of several vegetable oil-based polymers was assessed by respirometry in soil for 60–100 days at temperatures of 30–58°C. Films of soybean oil and linseed oil which were oxidatively polymerized (Co catalyst) on a kraft paper support were 90%–100% mineralized to CO₂ after 70 days at 30°C. Mineralization of polymerized tung oil to CO₂ was much slower than soy or linseed oils. Mineralization of epoxy resins made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was rapid while mineralization of similar resins made with a triacid (citric) was slower. There was no significant degradation of polyamine/ESO resins after 100 days at 58°C. Mineralization of the available carbon in vegetable oil polyurethanes and cationically polymerized ESO was less than 7.5% after 70 days at 30°C and 25 days at 55°C compared to 100% for soybean oil. From these results, it appears that triglycerides highly cross-linked with non-degradable linkages are not biodegradable to a significant extent while triglycerides cross-linked with hydrolysable bonds such as esters remain biodegradable.     

Pseudomonas lemoignei has five poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) (PHA) depolymerase genes: A comparative study of bacterial and eukaryotic PHA depolymerases

Four polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) depolymerases were purified from the culture fluid ofPseudomonas lemoignei: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), depolymerase A (M _r , 55,000), and PHB depolymerase B (M _r , 67,000) were specific for PHB and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) as substrates. The third depolymerase additionally hydrolyzed poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHV) at high rates (PHV depolymerase;M _r , 54,000). The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the three purified proteins, of a fourth partially purified depolymerase (PHB depolymerase C), and of the PHB depolymerases ofComamonas sp. were determined. Four PHA depolymerase genes ofP. lemoignei (phaZ1,phaZ2,phaZ3, andphaZ4) have been cloned inEscherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence ofphaZ1 has been determined recently (D. Jendrossek, B. Müller, and H. G. Schlegel,Eur. J. Biochem. 218, 701–710, 1993). In this study the nucleotide sequences ofphaZ2 andphaZ3 were determined.PhaZ1,phaZ2, andphaZ4 were identified to encode PHB depolymerase C, PHB depolymerase B, and PHV depolymerase, respectively.PhaZ3 coded for a novel PHB depolymerase ofP. lemoignei, named PHB depolymerase D. None of the four genes harbored the PHB depolymerase A gene, which is predicted to be encoded by a fifth depolymerase gene ofP. lemoignei (phaZ5) and which has not been cloned yet. The deduced amino acid sequences ofphaZ1–phaZ3 revealed high homologies to each other (68–72%) and medium homologies to the PHB depolymerase gene ofAlcaligenes faecalis T₁ (25–34%). Typical leader peptide amino acid sequences, lipase consensus sequences (Gly-Xaa-Ser-Xaa-Gly), and unusually high proportions of threonine near the C terminus were found in PhaZ1, PhaZ2, and PhaZ3. Considering the biochemical data of the purified proteins and the amino acid sequences, PHA depolymerases ofP. lemoignei are most probably serine hydrolases containing a catalytical triad of Asp, His, and Ser similar to that of lipases. A comparison of biochemical and genetic data of various eubacterial and one eukaryotic PHA depolymerases is provided also.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.     

高分子材料耐候性试验测试方法概述及评价指标的选择

高分子材料耐候性试验测试及其评价一直是材料科学与工程方面的一个重要研究课题,本文主要介绍当前高分子材料耐候性测试中常用的几种方法,并比较这些耐候性试验方法的优缺点;同时介绍进行高分子材料耐候性试验时性能变化评价指标和终止指标的选择.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

导电高分子固相微萃取涂层及其应用

系统地介绍了导电高分子固相微萃取涂层的特点和电化学制备方法。对常见的聚吡咯、聚苯胺和聚噻吩固相微萃取涂层及其在样品前处理中的应用作了较详细的综述。展望了导电高分子固相微萃取涂层的发展趋势。     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性及其絮凝作用

用流动电流技术研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)与不同类型有机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性,并用ζ电位分析仪结合混凝烧杯实验研究了不同碱化度(B)的PAC与阳离子型有机高分子C109P复合絮凝剂的电中和水体颗粒物的能力与絮凝效能的关系,对无机-有机复合型絮凝剂中有机高分子在凝聚絮凝过程中所起的作用进行了讨论.     

聚乙烯醇缩-5-甲酰基-2,4-二羟基苯偶氮安替比林液-固萃取和光度测定镍的研究

本文报道了2,4-二羟基-5-安替比林偶氮苯甲醛(DAP)及DAP与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的缩合产物(PV·DAP)的合成.并利用PV·DAP做萃取剂,析相萃取和光度测定了铝合金和环境水样中的镍.实验结果还表明,高分子显色剂与相应的小分子试剂相比,在液-固萃取方面表现为易获得高萃取率且不受萃合物电性的影响,在光度测定方面则表现出较高的灵敏度和稳定性.从而说明试剂的高分子化可改善其性能.     

KY-3型聚合物处理炼厂含油污水研究

运用KY -3型阳离子聚合物与无机絮凝剂复配对炼厂含油污水处理进行了研究。结果表明 :KY -3型阳离子聚合物的分子量、加入浓度及污水 pH值、污水温度等对处理效果影响较大 ,当阳离子聚合物相对分子量为120万时 ,处理效果随聚合物加量增大、污水温度及 pH升高而增强     

Biodegradable Polymers from 5-Hydroxylevulinic Acid: 1. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(5-hydroxylevulinic acid)

As an attempt to synthesize new biodegradable polymers from renewable cellulose resources, melt polycondensation of 5-hydroxylevulinic acid (5-HLA) was reported for the first time. The resulting product, poly(5-hydroxylevulinic acid) (PHLA), was synthesized and characterized with GPC, FTIR, ¹H NMR and DSC. The in vitro degradation behaviors in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in deionized water (DW) were also examined. The molecular weight of PHLA is not high (several 1,000s), but it possesses unordinary high glass transition temperature (as high as 120 °C). This is very different from existing aliphatic polyesters that usually have T _gs lower than 60 °C. The high T _g is attributed to the formation of inter- and/or intramolecular hydrogen bonds due to a characteristic keto–enol tautomerism equilibrium in the polymer structure. PHLA readily degraded hydrolytically in aqueous media.