贵州实现资源优势转换战略的途径与对策

提出了将贵州资源优势转变为产业优势,进而转变为经济优势的途径与对策.贵州实施优势矿产资源转换战略,就是要充分发挥资源比较优势,形成产业优势和经济优势,加快发展具有贵州特色的能源、原材料工业;以矿产资源开发为基础,优先发展矿产资源加工业,推进区域工业化进程,提高资源的附加值.     

Model-Based Assessment of Aspen Responses to Elk Herbivory in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA

In Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has been observed to be declining on elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) winter range for many decades. To support elk management decisions, the SAVANNA ecosystem model was adapted to explore interactions between elk herbivory and aspen dynamics. The simulated probability of successful vegetative regeneration for senescent aspen stands declines sharply when elk densities reach levels of 3–5 elk/km², depending on model assumptions for the seasonal duration of elk foraging activities. For aspen stands with a substantial component of younger trees, the simulated regeneration probability declines more continuously with increasing elk density, dropping below 50% from densities at 8–14 elk/km².At the landscape scale, simulated aspen regeneration probability under a scenario of extensive seasonal use was little affected by elk population level, when this level was above 300–600 elk (25%–50% current population) over the ca. 107 km² winter range. This was because elk distribution was highly aggregated, so that a high density of elk occupied certain areas, even at low population levels overall. At approximately current elk population levels (1000–1200 elk), only 35%–45% of senescent aspen stands are simulated as having at least a 90% probability of regeneration, nearly all of them located on the periphery of the winter range. Successful management for aspen persistence on core winter range will likely require some combination of elk population reduction, management of elk distribution, and fencing to protect aspen suckers from elk browsing.     

江南水乡古镇旅游开发战略初探--浙江乌镇实证分析

我国长江以南地区分布着为数众多的水乡古镇,它们多以水建镇,以水成市,创造了人类与自然和谐相处的居住环境．具有较高社会学、经济学、历史学、古建筑学等方面研究价值。20世纪80年代以来,水乡古镇旅游日益受到人们青睐,并已成为华东地区旅游的特色品牌之一。然而,随着旅游的发展,一些问题也逐渐暴露出来。浙江乌镇历史悠久．人文荟萃,为浙江省历史文化名镇。其优美的人居环境、深厚的文化底蕴,体现了较高的资源品味;优越的地理区位、精品战略和高投人高产出战略的实施,使得乌镇旅游开发在较短时间内取得了巨大的成功,经济、社会效益显著．知名度迅速扩大,乌镇也因此成为旅游界一匹异军突起的“黑马”,其发展倍受国内外游客及历史文化界人士的瞩目。同时由于开发历史较短,乌镇旅游开发还存在着旅游产品单一、缺乏亮点和特色、社区参与不够、旅游设施难以满足旅游快速发展的需要等现实问题。鉴于此,对江南水乡古镇旅游开发战略进行了初步探讨。     

利用土地人口容力开放模型对沪苏锡常城市群的分析

本文提出了土地人口容力,即单位面积土地的人口容量的概念,建立了描述和测算开放区域人口容力的模型,确立了模型对多种人口容力定义,揭示了不同人口容力模型的内在联系性,并将它用于沪苏锡常城市群的土地人口容力测算和分析。     

Effects of irrigation on the environment of selected areas of the Western United States and implications to world population growth and food production

Studies of irrigation drainage in the Western United States have documented some of the effects of irrigating land without first understanding and then considering implications from the interdependent relationships of hydrology, geology, geochemistry, biology, climatology, land use and socio-economic issues. In studies completed in 26 areas, selenium is the trace element found most often at elevated concentrations in water, bottom material and biota. Boron, arsenic, mercury and pesticide residues have also been found at elevated levels in some areas. Bioaccumulation of constituents associated with irrigation drainage is common. As the world experiences an explosive population growth, particularly in poorer countries, demands for food production from marginal, submarginal and newly irrigated soils are likely to cause severe adverse environmental impacts from allocation of limited water resources and contamination from irrigation drainwater. Cultivated marginal land is highly susceptible to degradation from soil erosion, salinization and waterlogging, not withstanding release of contaminants from application of irrigation water.     

我国秦至清末的疫病灾害研究

本文根据《中国历代天灾人祸表》中疫病的文字记载，统计出各个历史时期疫病发生时间（季节）、频数及其与旱、涝（水）、地震、战争等灾难事件的关系，进而推测历史时期疫病所包含的急性传染病。统计发生周期，证实疫病周期与太阳、太阳系活动规律有明显的相关性。     

Management strategy for acidic deposition in Western and Northern Canada

The governments of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, and Canada held joint consultations in 1980 to review the available information on acid rain from Western and Northern Canada. It was concluded that acid rain might become a problem in the future and, hence, a research, monitoring, and management strategy for acidic deposition was needed. An overview of the joint governments' management strategy, organization of research and monitoring programs, and accomplishments to date are discussed in this article.The authors are members of the Technical Committee for the Long Range Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants (LRTAP)/Acid Deposition in Western and Northern Canada, and represent Alberta and British Columbia, respectively.     

不同类型国家资源战略实施的启示及我国资源战略的选择

资源战略是经济发展战略的重要组成部分。不同的国家有着不同的资源战略。本文通过对不同类型国家资源战略实施成败的分析，从中总结了３点有益的启示：①世界经济发展中的相互依赖越来越强；②资源战略的选择要符合本国的实际；③经济结构要多样化。本文还对我国高耗、低效、封闭式的资源战略的形成作了深入的分析，并提出了我国资源战略选择的４个主要方面：①多样化是中国资源战略的出发点；②充分利用国内资源，积极利用国外资源是我国资源战略的核心；③保护资源与环境是我国资源战略的重要组成部分；④建立资源节约型国民经济体系，是我国资源战略的目标。     

鄱阳湖湿地管理对策研究

本文分析和研究了鄱阳湖湿地损失的原因和管理现状，提出了鄱阳湖湿地可持续发展的管理策略。