Strategic Study on Integration of Port and City Development in Rizhao

Abstract

Agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta (UAYD), one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modern cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the construction of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony.     

环渤海地区青岛港港口竞争力分析

青岛港在环渤海港口群中处于重要地位,目前已与大连港、天津港形成了我国北方地区“三港鼎立”的格局.从分析青岛港发展现状与存在问题出发,比较评价了环渤海地区主要港口的竞争力,分析青岛港发展中的竞争优势与不足,探寻提升青岛港港口竞争力的途径与对策.     

Flow and transport characteristics at an Epinephelus guttatus (red hind grouper) spawning aggregation site in St. Thomas (US Virgin Islands)

This study characterizes the flow field at a spawning site located at the shelf break of a Caribbean island for the Epinephelus guttatus (red hind grouper) in relation to this species spawning events. In order to understand the oceanographic dynamics targeted by the fishes, current measurements were profiled throughout the water column for almost a year at the spawning site. The characteristics of the flow field and its evolution after spawning were investigated by using a numerical ocean model that resolved the observed tide and simulated the island scale flow where passive, neutrally buoyant virtual particles were released for 10 days to trace the flow pathways.Observed currents during the spawning period revealed that the flow was vertically sheared, to the south and weakest at the bottom, and to the west or east at the surface. The tidal analysis revealed that the flow at the time of spawning was directed across and on-shelf, although weaker close to the bottom. The model showed that the initial on-shelf transport was counteracted by the bottom flow directed to the shelf break, where virtual particles were entrained by the downwelling flow. A significant percent of particles resided less than two hundred meters deep, in the vicinity of the chlorophyll maximum and returned to the shelf break, close to the release location within 8-10 days. This journey was largely controlled by the timing between downwelling at the spawning site and upwelling further east at the shelf break, which was driven by the coupling between wind and tide induced vertical movements at the shelf break and deeper. The release location, vertical rotation of its flow field, and its transport properties were shown to be relatively resilient to the passage of transient sub-mesoscale eddies as well as to acute mesoscale flow reversals, suggesting that physical retention is maximized in the area surrounding the spawning site.     

唐山市基于GIS的PM2.5空间聚集性及分区管控

以ArcGIS软件为平台,采用唐山市206个在线监测点数据,分析了PM_2.5在采暖期、重污染期、非采暖期3个时期的全局和局部空间自相关性,研究其大气污染空间分布特征.结果表明,3个时期均具有一定的空间自相关性,且重污染期的全局空间自相关最强;采暖期和重污染期PM_2.5高值聚类主要发生在中部地区,低值聚类则主要分布在北部山区及沿海少部分区域;非采暖期高值聚类主要分布在丰润区和丰南区,低值聚类发生在遵化市北部地区.通过空间插值模拟全市的PM_2.5分布状况,结果显示唐山市在重污染期PM_2.5均值最高格点值达241μg/m³,而非采暖期最低值只有37μg/m³;基于PM_2.5浓度变化特征和空间分布,将唐山所辖18个区县划分为5个区域,针对各区域提出PM_2.5分区管控措施建议.     

DEM AGGREGATION FOR WATERSHED MODELING1

ABSTRACT: The widely available USGS 7.5‐minute Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has a cell size of approximately 30 m × 30 m. This high resolution topographic information is impractical for many applications of distributed hydrologic and water quality models. In this study, cells were aggregated into coarse‐resolution areal units, termed grids, and a method to approximate flow direction for coarse‐resolution grids from 30 m DEM cells was developed. The method considers the flow path defined from the fine‐resolution DEM in determining a grid's flow direction and makes flow directions for grids closely follow the flow pattern suggested by the DEM. The aggregation method was applied to a DEM of Goodwater Creek, a nearly flat watershed that is located in central Missouri. The drainage networks derived for different levels of cell aggregations showed that grid aggregates of the Goodwater Creek watershed provided an adequate representation of the landscape topography.     

A Global Baseline for Spawning Aggregations of Reef Fishes

Abstract: Species that periodically and predictably congregate on land or in the sea can be extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. Many coral reef fishes form spawning aggregations that are increasingly the target of fishing. Although serious declines are well known for a few species, the extent of this behavior among fishes and the impacts of aggregation fishing are not appreciated widely. To profile aggregating species globally, establish a baseline for future work, and strengthen the case for protection, we (as members of the Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish Aggregations) developed a global database on the occurrence, history, and management of spawning aggregations. We complemented the database with information from interviews with over 300 fishers in Asia and the western Pacific. Sixty‐seven species, mainly commercial, in 9 families aggregate to spawn in the 29 countries or territories considered in the database. Ninety percent of aggregation records were from reef pass channels, promontories, and outer reef‐slope drop‐offs. Multispecies aggregation sites were common, and spawning seasons of most species typically lasted <3 months. The best‐documented species in the database, the Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus), has undergone substantial declines in aggregations throughout its range and is now considered threatened. Our findings have important conservation and management implications for aggregating species given that exploitation pressures on them are increasing, there is little effective management, and 79% of those aggregations sufficiently well documented were reported to be in decline. Nonetheless, a few success stories demonstrate the benefits of aggregation management. A major shift in perspective on spawning aggregations of reef fish, from being seen as opportunities for exploitation to acknowledging them as important life‐history phenomena in need of management, is urgently needed.     

Influences of perfluorooctanoic acid on the aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and transport.The role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is uncertain.To understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency method.Influences of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) value were evaluated.The CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not observed.The CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the aggregation of the MWCNTs.The presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl solution.The aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs.     

基于综合交通运输成本的港口后勤区域区位评价——以上海外高桥保税物流园区为例

港口后勤区域是港口功能的重要拓展空间,已成为影响港口物流运营效率的重要因素。运用ARCVIEW网络分析模块,从交通运输成本的角度,通过分析港口后勤区域候选点到直接腹地、间接腹地的运输成本,以及各候选点的综合运输成本进而对外高桥港口后勤区域区位进行研究。研究表明:外高桥保税物流园区至港区的运输成本系数为0.381 4、0.275 9、0.319 5和0.211 8,整体处于较高水平;到直接腹地的运输成本系数分别为1.107 93、1.136 49、1.085 24和1.109 76,处于偏低水平;到间接腹地的运输成本系数分别为0.874 5、0.935、0.825 4和0.874,整体处于中等水平;到腹地的运输成本系数分别为0.944 5、0.995 4、0.903 4和0.944 7,整体处于中等偏弱地位。外高桥保税物流园区到港区和腹地的综合运输成本系数分别为0.663、0.635 7、0.611 4和0.578 2,综合区位条件较好。今后,随着外高桥港区货运量的增加,保税物流园区应该向东南方向拓展。     

江湾自然绿地的生态现状调查

在2001年考察的基础上，2002年2月和5月，对江湾机场旧址次生性生态系统的现状与发展趋势进行了较全面的调研，调查发现，目前该区域有高等植物31科61种、土壤动物30种，鸟类43种，特别是湿地景观得到了较好的发育，同时，该区域的部分地段存在环境污染严重，多种破坏环境的人类活动以及外来物种入侵等问题，鉴于该区域地处上海市区，具有较高的环境，社会以及经济价值，对上海生态城市的建设具有重要的影响，建议在职能部门确定发展规划之前，采取有效措施予以管理。     

SOLAS公约修正案与构建中国船舶和港口设施保安体系

就“SOLAS公约修正案”和“ISPS规则”进行讨论，在此基础上，对“SOLAS公约”履约和建立中国船舶和港口设施保安体系提出构想和建议。