吹扫捕集／气相色谱－质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的质量控制研究

影响吹扫捕集／气相色谱－质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的因素很多,如空气中的挥发性有机物可能通过采样瓶的扩散,使准确性和可靠性降低。结合环境监测工作实际,按分流比20∶1分流进样,选择11＃捕集阱,样品解析时选择解析时间0．5 min,选择吹扫管支座温度为40℃,选择与目标化合物相比相对保留时间在0．8～1．20之间内标物,同时样品采集、保存、运输和器皿清洗等条件严格按照国标方法进行,可以确保吹扫捕集／气相色谱－质谱法测定的精密度和准确度。     

Preliminary shotgun glycoproteome analysis of N-glycosylation sites in serum proteins of ricin-intoxicated rats

In this study, the variations of serum glycoproteins after exposure to ricin toxin (RT) in Wistar albino rats are reported. For glycopeptide enrichment, Microcon YM-3 centrifugal filter device capture and micro-liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray ionization (ESI)–tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis were used; 74 trypsin-digested proteins were identified in the control group, and 58 in the RT-intoxication group. Additionally, 33 N-glycosides and 14 glycoproteins were identified in the control, and 50 and 21 in the RT-intoxication group.     

Shaped by race: why “race” still matters in the challenges facing biodiversity conservation in Africa

This article uses experiences from South Africa to argue that, despite progress made in making biodiversity conservation compatible with social, political and economic changes, progress could still be limited by reluctance of social actors to acknowledge and engage with the issue of race. The article argues that acknowledging the history of conservation in Africa, including close ties to racially charged colonialism, could be a positive impetus in the transformation of conservation to make it more socially, economically and politically justifiable.     

Glass buildings on river banks as “polarized light traps” for mass-swarming polarotactic caddis flies

The caddis flies Hydropsyche pellucidula emerge at dusk from the river Danube and swarm around trees and bushes on the river bank. We document here that these aquatic insects can also be attracted en masse to the vertical glass surfaces of buildings on the river bank. The individuals lured to dark, vertical glass panes land, copulate, and remain on the glass for hours. Many of them are trapped by the partly open, tiltable windows. In laboratory choice experiments, we showed that ovipositing H. pellucidula are attracted to highly and horizontally polarized light stimulating their ventral eye region and, thus, have positive polarotaxis. In the field, we documented that highly polarizing vertical black glass surfaces are significantly more attractive to both female and male H. pellucidula than weakly polarizing white ones. Using video polarimetry, we measured the reflection-polarization characteristics of vertical glass surfaces of buildings where caddis flies swarmed. We propose that after its emergence from the river, H. pellucidula is attracted to buildings by their dark silhouettes and the glass-reflected, horizontally polarized light. After sunset, this attraction may be strengthened by positive phototaxis elicited by the buildings' lights. The novelty of this visual-ecological phenomenon is that the attraction of caddis flies to vertical glass surfaces has not been expected because vertical glass panes do not resemble the horizontal surface of waters from which these insects emerge and to which they must return to oviposit.     

Population,development,and environment in India

High population growth and continued economic development have caused serious environmental damage in the Asia Pacific region.However,the recent experience is that the pace of environmental degradation is faster in developing countries than in developed countries.To this end,the study seeks to assess the impact of population pressure on India’s environment,with particular reference to the degradation of natural endowments like land and water resources and the resultant environmental pollution in the six regions of India.The rapid economic growth and expansion of infrastructure development in recent decades have not come without serious environmental consequences particularly in the southern,northern,and western regions.But in the eastern,north-eastern,and central regions of the country,environmental damage has been mainly due to rapid population growth.     

The Dynamics of Species Composition and Abundance of Wasps from the Families Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in Successional Pine Biogeocenoses of the Berezinskii Biosphere Reserve

The data on the dynamics of population size and species composition of wasps from the families Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Vespidae were obtained in the course of long-term studies carried out in successional pine forests of the Berezinskii Biosphere Reserve. The abundance and species diversity of wasps were significantly higher in a polewood forest (40 years) than in a young forest (20 years) and mature moss forest (70 years). In an overgrown ride in the moss pine forest, the composition of dominant wasp species remained relatively stable during the seven-year period of observations, although the number of species and their abundance varied significantly from year to year, depending on the weather.     

Genetic Engineering in Agriculture: Who Stands to Benefit?

The use of genetic engineering inagriculture has been the source of much debate. Todate, arguments have focused most strongly on thepotential human health risks, the flow of geneticmaterial to related species, and ecologicalconsequences. Little attention appears to have beengiven to a more fundamental concern, namely, who willbe the beneficiaries of this technology? Given the prevalence of chronic hunger and thestark economics of farming, it is arguable thatfarmers and the hungry should be the mainbeneficiaries of agricultural research. However, theapplication of genetic engineering appears unlikely tobenefit either of these two groups. This technology islargely controlled by the private sector, and itscontinued development hinges on its profitability.Thus, the only likely beneficiaries of the applicationof genetic engineering in agriculture are companieswith the capacity to use it.     

Acetaldehyde residue in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles

A simple sample preparation technique was developed for rapid analysis of acetaldehyde residue in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. A laboratory-built heating system was used and coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) at optimized conditions. The results were a tremendous reduction of the sample preparation time from 24 hours, for the conventional method, to only one hour. The analysis took only 1.5 min with other good analytical performances i.e. a low detection limit, 0.3 ng mL^{? 1} and a wide linear dynamic range, 0.3 ng mL^{? 1} to 6.6 μ g mL^{? 1} with R² > 0.99.Acetaldehyde residue in freshly blown bottles were analyzed and found in the range of 0.4 to 1.1 ng mL^{? 1}. The results were good agreement with the conventional 24-hour airspace method (P < 0.01). The PET-bottle sampling technique was also developed to minimize the complication of sample transportation and pre-concentration. A purge and trap technique was found to be the most suitable. Then, it was implemented and compared, the results showed no significant difference (P < 0.01) with and without purge and trap.     

水中乙醛、丙烯醛和丙烯腈3种测定方法的对比

对比研究了大体积直接进样填充柱气相色谱法、顶空-气相色谱法和吹扫捕集-气相色谱法等3种测定水中乙醛、丙烯醛和丙烯腈的方法.结果表明,大体积直接进样法设备简单,但手动进样耗力费时,且灵敏度低,精密度差,直接水样分析易影响色谱柱和检测器的使用寿命;顶空法稳定性好,线性范围宽,相关性和精密度好,适合较高浓度水样的分析;吹扫捕集法操作简便,峰形好,检出限低,回收率高,适合低浓度水样的分析.顶空法和吹扫捕集法自动化程度高,均适用于大批量样品分析.     

吹扫捕集与色谱质谱联用测定水中挥发性有机物

采用吹扫描集与色谱质谱联用的对水中１９种挥发性有机物同时进行富集分离，定性和定量检测，结果表明，不同化合物的平均回收率大于９０％相对偏差小于５％，该方法的检测限约为０．１－０．４μ／Ｌ。实验证明吹扫描集与色谱质谱联用技术是快速测定水中挥发性有要峨的有效手段。