吹扫捕集气质联用法测定水中4种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集气相色谱质谱联用法测定水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油的方法,对吹扫时间进行了优化,研究了pH值对吹扫捕集率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为6¹0时,吹扫时间为11 min时吹扫捕集效率最高,用脉冲控制自动进标样的方法绘制工作曲线,曲线相关系数在0.99610时,吹扫时间为11 min时吹扫捕集效率最高,用脉冲控制自动进标样的方法绘制工作曲线,曲线相关系数在0.996⁰.999 9之间,方法的检出限在0.060.999 9之间,方法的检出限在0.06¹.0μg/L之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%1.0μg/L之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%⁶.2%之间,方法具有很好的线性和精密度。方法用于地表水、生活污水和化工废水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油测定,并进行了加标回收实验,地表水回收率在86.8%6.2%之间,方法具有很好的线性和精密度。方法用于地表水、生活污水和化工废水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油测定,并进行了加标回收实验,地表水回收率在86.8%¹12.1%之间,生活污水回收率在91.9%112.1%之间,生活污水回收率在91.9%⁹9%之间,废水回收率在82.2%～104.3%之间,表明方法具很好的准确度,可用于地表水、生活污水和化工废水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油测定。     

湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术在浅水湖泊的应用

基于研发的湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术,在巢湖进行应用研究.结果表明,湖底陷阱可有效收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷等湖底沉积物中内源污染物.不同位置和季节湖底陷阱收集的沉积物厚度差异显著,西巢湖收集的污染物含量最多,湖心区域收集污染物量最少;夏秋季节淤积较快,冬春季节淤积略慢.单位面积（1m²）湖底陷阱年收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷可分别达2.37~15.28g、8.96~21.82kg、0.78~1.88kg和0.30~0.93kg.综合考虑湖流场、风浪场、湖底污染物分布及厚度,巢湖湖体内沿湖流汇集区可布置6条11~33km的湖底陷阱,并在7个主要入河口布置湖底陷阱,同时可利用现有航道,进一步加深后形成湖底陷阱,可为巢湖内源控制提供新的治理手段和管理方法.     

Fuel poverty and vulnerability in the EU low-carbon transition: the case of renewable electricity

The European Union (EU) and member states alike are following a tradition of addressing fuel poverty and vulnerability at the point of purchase by final consumers by seeking to influence the impact of income, energy price and the built environment on the ability of household consumers to access the energy that they need. By focusing on the conditions of energy transmission in the most rapidly growing renewable electricity sector in the UK – offshore wind – this paper aims to question whether the regulatory socio-technological framing of renewable electricity transmission is reproducing conditions for fuel poverty and vulnerability in the UK. By drawing a comparison with renewable electricity transmission in Bulgaria, this paper argues that the problem might be symptomatic of the EU as a whole. While not arguing against the proliferation of renewable electricity and its importance in meeting the 2020 targets, this paper calls for expanding the scope of fuel poverty alleviation policy throughout the whole renewable electricity supply chain, building on Helm's argument that energy companies at the middle of the supply chain are better suited to deliver fuel policy.     

省域旅游扶贫工程研究

旅游扶贫工程是解决贫困问题、促进区域协调发展的重要途径。以广东为代表，在省城范围内开展的立体化协作旅游扶贫工程是一个实践创新，上个月政府主导、区域协调、系统动作、产业扶贫等特点和优势。本文在广东三年多来的实践基础上，首次提出“省域旅游扶贫工程”概念，并对这一新兴的旅游扶贫模式进行了系统研究，探讨了其运行机制，分析了其实施过程中可能面临的挑战和误区，最后提出了基于政策实践的相关建议。     

Poverty and the Deterioration of Natural Soil Capital in the Peruvian Altiplano

The Peruvian altiplano is a marginal agricultural region with limited infrastructure, climate constraints, and high levels of poverty. Data were collected from 265 farms in four different agricultural regions, and data from three of those regions are analyzed here. Regressions were run with soil nutrient loss, soil depth loss, and yield loss over the past 20 years, as perceived by farmers. Location, topographical and management factors were considered. Additional regressions were run to examine the determinants of two agricultural management practices which were found to affect soil quality, namely fallowing and ploughing vertical furrows. Use of traditional fallowing (aynoca) was associated with helping to preserve soil quality, and was practiced by households with more education, with higher non-farm income, and in villages which had benefitted from natural resource development projects. Vertical furrowing similarly was associated with helping preserve soil quality, and was practiced by households with fewer unmet basic needs. These results have implications for the agricultural and development strategies to be followed in the region.     

西部脆弱环境分布与贫困关系的研究

西部环境脆弱与贫困的关系是人与自然和谐发展、构建和谐社会的重要研究课题。通过对西部环境脆弱程度、环境脆弱带和贫困县的分布特征、贫困地区的经济情况和人口密度的分析,发现西部环境脆弱与贫困之间存在较为复杂的双向因果关系。这为西部制定脱贫、生态恢复等政策提供了较为可靠的理论依据。     

吹扫捕集—气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集一气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物的方法,方法检出限为0．004～0．085μg/L,可满足饮用水中特定有机分析项目的检测要求。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛,优化试验条件。该方法具有较高的灵敏度、良好的线性、方法简便。丙烯腈检出限为0.002 mg/L;丙烯醛检出限为0.003 mg/L,标准样品测定的相对标准偏差为3.2%,实际样品的加标回收率为80.0%～110%。     

The impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in Sangzhi County,Hunan Province

In August 2011,the Sangzhi County government,Hunan Province,adopted a series of new health care policies as a national pilot of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme(referred to as 2011 NCMS).These policies were designed to further resolve illness-led poverty and the poor state of health care in the local area.The program had a positive impact and spread to other regions in Hunan Province.This paper will discuss the progress made as a result of the policies and several issues that challenge the scheme in practice.A total sample of 1212 individuals and 303 households were included in the analysis,and98 interviews were conducted with people related to the scheme.Our major findings indicate that the 201!NCMS has significantly reduced the out-of-pocket medical payment of rural residents,and also increased the township hospitals’patient flow.However,the medical scheme still faces many challenging issues during the implementation.With the increasing interest among the Chinese policy makers in strengthening and promoting the Sangzhi Model,the impacts of the scheme deserve greater attention in practice so as to further improve NCMS in rural China.     

基于农户视角的脱贫类型划分与路径研究——以新晃侗族自治县84个出列村为例

以新晃侗族自治县（以下称“新晃县”）84个出列村农户为研究对象,从基础设施、教育医疗、收入状况、产业发展四个方面构建脱贫成效指标体系,对2019年新晃县出列村农户脱贫成效的空间格局、脱贫类型划分与路径进行研究。结果表明：（1）新晃县出列村农户脱贫成效呈现出明显的空间分异特征,基础设施脱贫成效平均得分为2.53,整体呈“北高南低”的态势;教育医疗脱贫成效平均得分为2.65,呈现出“东南高、西北低”的空间分布格局;收入脱贫成效平均得分为2.48,呈高、中、低得分区域交替分布态势;产业脱贫成效平均得分为4.23,但差异明显,仅东部、南部少数村域得分较高。（2）新晃县出列村农户脱贫类型可分为单因素主导脱贫型、双因素驱动脱贫型、多因素综合脱贫型三个大类和F因素主导型、F-E因素驱动型、P-E-I因素综合型等13个小类,同时针对不同脱贫类型提出巩固脱贫成效的策略与路径。