苏北乡土文化旅游产品开发研究

乡村文化是乡村旅游开发的灵魂。以江苏北部地域为靶区,在分析乡土文化概念的基础上,指出苏北乡土文化系统主要包括海洋文化、两汉文化和传统农耕文化等文化序列。以睢宁县为例,分析了小区域范围内乡土文化景观的展示形式,构建了苏北乡土文化系统的层次结构,提出了开发苏北乡土文化旅游产品的开发对策。     

Evaluation of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture Product over China Using Variance Reduction Factor

In this study, we evaluated the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative soil moisture product v02.1 (ESA CCI SM v02.1) using in situ observations collected at 547 stations in China from 1991 to 2013. A conventional validation was first conducted, and the triple collocation errors of ESA CCI SM and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting reanalysis data were approximately 0.053 and 0.050 m³/m³, respectively. To obtain more reliable validation results, the average soil moisture of the in situ observations per ESA CCI SM pixel was also used as the validation sites. Variance reduction factor (VRF) was adopted to quantify the accuracy of the soil moisture validation sites, and the average VRF was estimated at 4.88%. The validation results were enhanced by excluding validation sites with VRF errors greater than 5% from the statistical analysis. Although the ESA CCI SM underestimated the in situ observations with a Bias of 0.05 m³/m³, a moderately high correlation coefficient of 0.44 and a relatively small unbiased root‐mean‐square difference of 0.05 m³/m³ were observed. This study provides information on the utilization of ESA CCI SM for ecological protection, climate change, and hydrological forecasting. It also suggests the adoption of VRF for future error corrections of satellite‐based products.     

农地产权变迁呈现出结构细分特征的原因分析

文章通过构建产权细分、市场发展与租值界定的分析框架,系统分析了改革开放之后农地产权变迁呈现出结构细分特征的内在机理。研究表明:1国家由于农地租值耗散而对农地产权结构管制的放松,构成了农地产权结构逐渐细分的前提与背景;2农地产权变迁与市场形成的互动发展过程,使得农地产权界定出每个阶段的农地租值,进而表现出"收益权-使用权"再到"收益权-使用权-处分权"的结构细分特征,并且每一次的农地产权结构细分都是包含既有产权内容的"螺旋式上升"。在理论上揭示出:如何有效界定农地租值是农地产权界定是否有效的关键,而农产品和农地要素市场作为发现并最大化租值的过程与场所,其自身形态的变动与农地产权结构的细分存在相互作用的内在关系,由此构成农地产权结构逐渐有效细分的关键。据此文章建议继续放松农地产权与市场双重管制,以市场自发交易的形式探索农地产权改革,实现农地产权结构进一步细分。     

Integration of DFE and DFMA for the sustainable development of an automotive component

The recent developments in manufacturing organizations recognize sustainability as an important value addition for survival in the competitive scenario. The design engineers are in search of approaches for creating environmental conscious products. The purpose of this paper is to report a research carried out for ensuring sustainable product design by the integration of Design for Environment (DFE) and Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) methodologies. In this context, this paper reports a case study carried out in an automotive component. The candidate product is the charge alternator pulley. The existing pulley has been created using Computer Aided Design. Then sustainability analysis was conducted on the existing component for determining environmental impact. This is followed by the engineering analysis of the component using ANSYS. Then conceptual design changes were developed in the proposed product using DFMA concept. Then the environmental impact has been evaluated in terms of carbon footprint, energy consumption and air/water impacts on proposed product. It has been found that the optimized pulley design possesses minimal environmental impact. The result of the case study indicated that the integration of DFE and DFMA concept could initiate new developments in sustainable designs with minimal impact to the environment and it also reduces the product cost.     

峨边县土壤环境质量现状与优质安全农产品基地建设浅析

通过对峨边县几种主要农业土壤中重金属含量的监测和结果评价,分析出了峨边县土壤环境质量的现状,为峨边县发展无公害农产品和绿色食品生产基地提出建议。     

军品用电动振动试验台测量结果不确定度评定

振动试验台测量结果是否准确可靠,直接关系到对军工产品的评价.结合军工产品环境振动试验工作实际,根据检定规程JJG190-1997《电动振动试验台》检定规程的要求,对使用中电动振动试验台测量结果不确定度进行评定,使电动振动试验台测量结果更加科学合理可靠.     

Implementation of a software platform to support an eco-design methodology within a manufacturing firm

The paper aims to explore the implementation of an eco-design methodology and the related software platform (G.EN.ESI – Green ENgineering dESIgn) within technical departments of a manufacturing firm. The G.EN.ESI eco-design methodology is based on the life cycle thinking concept and the software platform is conceived as a set of inter-operable software tools able to efficiently exchange data among them and with the traditional design systems (i.e. CAD, PDM and PLM). A multinational company, designing and producing household appliances, adopted the proposed methodology and related software platform for redesigning two cooker hood models with the aim to improve their environmental performances. Design and engineering departments evaluated the methodology and platform impact on the product development process, as well as the platform inter-operability with traditional design tools. The results indicate that methodology and software platform satisfy the requirements of the enterprise in terms of: (i) degree of expertise and training requirement on this subject, (ii) low impact in a consolidated design process and, (ii) good level of inter-operability among heterogeneous tools. However, the testing results highlight the necessity of a further platform optimisations in terms of software integration (single workbench made by integrated software tools with the same graphical user interface).     

元素硫高温腐蚀产物氧化自燃性影响因素的研究

用差热-热重分析仪考察元素硫与Fe(OH)3发生硫化腐蚀反应的初始温度,分析硫化温度、硫化时间、氧化温度和水对高温硫腐蚀产物氧化自燃性的影响。结果表明:元素硫与Fe(OH)3发生硫化反应的初始温度为287.67℃;硫化温度越高,硫化时间越长,元素硫高温硫化腐蚀产物中FeS2的含量越高,氧化自燃性越大;氧化温度对高温硫腐蚀产物的氧化自燃性有很大影响,室温时几乎不发生氧化反应,氧化温度超过95℃后,腐蚀产物的氧化反应速率大幅度提高,对炼油装置安全构成极大威胁;水对高温硫腐蚀产物的氧化自燃性起着重要作用,无水时,高温硫化产物基本不发生氧化反应,少量水存在即可极大影响高温硫腐蚀产物的氧化速率。     

可持续发展与绿色产品设计实现的途径

本文论述了产品设计与可持续发展的关系,认为绿色产品设计是实现可持续发展的有效手段之一,绿色产品设计包括寿命周期评价、生态设计和可持续产品设计等。低物质化、再循环、生态标志,宣传教育和政府行为等是绿色产品设计可以采取的方法和途径。     

白银市工业污染源重金属排放特征分析

以甘肃省白银市为例,利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法,从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放4个方面,分析了白银市工业污染源重金属的排放特征,重点比较了2000—2010年期间重金属排放特征的变化。结果表明,近11年以来白银市工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为砷>铅>镉>汞>六价铬;重金属排放总量呈下降趋势,单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势;但是定量趋势分析的结果则显示最近5年仅有砷和镉呈下降趋势,而汞和铅呈现明显上升趋势;2009年重金属等标污染负荷和单位产值等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为白银区和白银市东大沟流域;污染负荷和单位产值污染负荷最大的行业均为金属制品业。因此,白银市应将白银区东大沟流域沿线的金属制品业行业,特别是白银公司的重金属污染作为环境整治的重点。