深水型水库藻形态功能组(MBFG)的季节演替特征

以藻类形态功能组(morphologically-based functional groups,MBFG)藻种在光学显微镜下的形态特征为基础,对具有相同形态特征的藻种进行分组,形成了面向藻类集群形态属性的功能组别.为了解藻类形态功能组在研究深水型水库藻类变化规律中的应用及藻类演替特征,于2011年8月至2013年7月对西安市金盆水库进行采样分析,采用形态功能组分类方法对金盆水库中检测出的藻类进行了分类,结合冗余分析探讨了藻类形态功能组演替及其与环境因子间的相互关系.结果表明,黑河金盆水库中的藻类可以分为5个形态功能组别:Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ;水库中春夏季多种藻类形态功能组共存,秋冬季藻类形态功能组结构较为单一;在沿水深的纵向演替过程中,各形态功能组的生物密度随水深的增加而减少;在影响形态功能组演替的各个环境因子中,温度对水库表层藻类形态功能组Ⅳ和Ⅵ影响较大;表层以下各研究水层,TN的质量浓度为藻类形态功能群组Ⅵ的显著影响因素.     

东北红松林生境区划方法研究

本文通过红松年轮生长分析,用红松年生长量与23个气候因子逐步回归。结果表明:红松生长与7月平均温度,≥5℃积温,年降水量密切相关。根据这3个气候因子综合进行红松生长量适宜性区划,划分出:红松生长不适宜区,适宜较差区,适宜区3个区域。这与实际红松分布区域是吻合的。充分证明了红松的分布与其气候相适应,更进一步的说明了红松阔叶林是该地区的一种稳定的地带性植物群落。红松生长适宜区的区划,对人造红松林也会提供一定的科学依据。     

Fish Communities of Small Ponds in the Udmurt Republic: Structural Features and Trends in Anthropogenic Successions

The ichthyofauna of 20 small ponds in the Udmurt Republic was studied to estimate the dependence of fish species abundance on pond size and anthropogenic load, as well as trends in the succession of dominant species complexes in ponds exposed to the prevailing impact of agricultural activity. Changes in the ecological structure of fish communities in small ponds upon an increase in the anthropogenic load were analyzed. Some specific features of the species composition of ichthyofauna in technogenic pond biocenoses were revealed.     

赣江流域浮游硅藻功能群多样性及其水期演替的驱动特征

为了摸清我国南方丰水型河流流域重要的环境指示类群——浮游硅藻的功能多样性及其环境驱动要素,以赣江流域为例,采用国际上普遍认可的雷氏(Reynolds)、博氏(Borics)和帕氏(Padisák)分类体系进行浮游硅藻类群的系统研究. 结果表明:赣江流域共发现11个浮游硅藻功能类群(包含122种硅藻),并以MP、P、D和L_O类群物种最丰富,全年以MP、P、C和D类群占优势,不同水文期浮游硅藻优势功能类群存在明显分异,表现为丰水期以MP类群占绝对优势,枯水期以C和MP类群占共优势,平水期以则以C类群占绝对优势. 多元逐步回归分析发现,与丰水期占优势的MP、P、C和D类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为纬度、ρ(Hg)、ρ(Zn)、pH和ρ(S2-),与枯水期占优势的C、MP、P和D类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为ρ(Pb)、ρ(Cr6+)、纬度、ρ(BOD₅)、ρ(N)、ρ(P)和ρ(CN-),与平水期占优势的C、P和MP类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为ρ(BOD₅)、ρ(Pb)、ρ(Hg)、ρ(Cd)和ρ(NH₄+-N)等.除趋势对应分析(DCA)和冗余分析结果显示,影响赣江流域浮游硅藻功能多样性的主要环境因子包括流域的经纬度、ρ(FC)(FC为粪大肠杆菌)、重金属含量〔ρ(Cu)、ρ(Pb)和ρ(Cr6+)〕、水位等(解释度达77.0%~90.4%). 研究显示,赣江流域浮游硅藻功能类群多样性及结构呈明显的季节性演替特征,南-中亚热带流域的纬度差异、气温的时空差异以及水位的水期波动、污染物年内排放节律等的共同作用会引起河流流域水体物理和化学生境的改变,这是促使浮游硅藻功能类群不同水期演替的重要原因.      

亚间冰期以来长江入海口下切河谷充填型沉积体系与生物气聚集

分析了江苏省启东市北新镇NTZK01孔岩心沉积特征,结合该孔45个有机碳样品和14个样品的渗透率值,讨论亚间冰期(LG)和冰后期(PG)海侵旋回的层序地层特征及浅层生物气的勘探前景。研究表明,研究区在亚间冰期(LG)海侵旋回,海平面快速下降,地层遭受侵蚀,仅保留部分河床沉积,其最大海泛面也未保存。研究区在冰后期(PG)海侵旋回,发育了一套完整的海侵-海退旋回,下切河谷区自下而上依次发育河流相、浅海相和三角洲相。底部侵蚀面为冰后期(PG)海侵旋回的底界面,最大海泛面发育在淤泥质粘土层中,最大海泛面以下为海侵旋回,最大海泛面以上为海退旋回。     

镇江内江湿地植物群落演替动态研究

采用“空间代替时间”方法,于镇江内江湿地选择4类典型样地,分别代表群落演替的4个不同时间段,从物种组成、多样性及生活型等方面研究湿地植被的演替规律,从而探索受损群落的修复途径。结果表明：不同演替阶段植物群落的物种组成、多样性指数和生活型变化明显。物种丰富度指数和多样性指数随演替呈上升趋势,且演替中后期最高,均匀度随演替递增,而优势度递减;在生活型上,多年生草本的重要值随演替先降后升,其物种数逐渐上升并在后期维持相对稳定,并在各演替阶段处于主导地位。而一、二年生草本植物的重要值和物种数均为先升后降;在科属总数上,科属数随演替逐渐增加,其中,禾本科植物始终处于优势种地位。     

Accuracy of Short‐Term Demographic Data in Projecting Long‐Term Fate of Populations

Short‐term surveys are useful in conservation of species if they can be used to reliably predict the long‐term fate of populations. However, statistical evaluations of reliability are rare. We studied how well short‐term demographic data (1999–2002) of tartar catchfly (Silene tatarica), a perennial riparian plant, projected the fate and growth of 23 populations of this species up to the year 2010. Surveyed populations occurred along a river with natural flood dynamics and along a regulated river. Riparian plant populations are affected by flooding, which maintains unvegetated shores, while forest succession proceeds in areas with little flooding. Flooding is less severe along the regulated river, and vegetation overgrowth reduces abundance of tartar catchfly on unvegetated shores. We built matrix models to calculate population growth rates and estimated times to population extinction in natural and in regulated rivers, 13 and 10 populations, respectively. Models predicted population survival well (model predictions matched observed survival in 91% of populations) and accurately predicted abundance increases and decreases in 65% of populations. The observed and projected population growth rates differed significantly in all but 3 populations. In most cases, the model overestimated population growth. Model predictions did not improve when data from more years were used (1999–2006). In the regulated river, the poorest model predictions occurred in areas where cover of other plant species changed the fastest. Although vegetation cover increased in most populations, it decreased in 4 populations along the natural river. Our results highlight the need to combine disturbance and succession dynamics in demographic models and the importance of habitat management for species survival along regulated rivers. Precisión de Datos Demográficos de Corto Plazo en la Proyección del Destino de Poblaciones a Largo Plazo