Heroism in a resource crisis: A simulation study

This study examined the effects of individual responsibility and communication in a simulated resource management problem. Subjects faced the problem of how to harvest resources from a regenerating pool so as to maximize their individual harvests without overexploiting the pool. One behavioral option open to individuals involved the sacrifice of a harvesting opportunity in order to add to the pool, thereby benefiting the rest of the group. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to test the effect of this kind of heroism by (1) including a volunteer leader in the group and (2) including the possibility of communication. Results showed communication produced a significant increase in heroism and in group harvest, resulting from better management of the pool. The presence of a leader in a group had no overall effect on group performance. The implications of these findings for current resource management crises are discussed.     

On averting the tragedy of the commons

One of the enduring facts of the human condition is that the earth's resources are finite and its environment fragile. It is also evident that human behavior is rarely based on an appreciation of these facts. While the outlook may be bleak, so are some of the proposed solutions. Reasonable people have suggested that, to survive, an environmentally enlightened authoritarian government must be adopted. This article suggests that such a solution is unworkable, in part because it fails to consider critical aspects of human nature. A framework is proposed for developing solutions compatible with human capabilities.     

组织管理因素对矿工不安全心理行为影响的调查研究

为探讨组织管理因素对矿工不安全心理及不安全行为的影响情况和预测作用,采用自行编制的组织管理测评量表及不安全心理行为调查问卷对安徽两家大型煤矿的250名一线矿工进行问卷调查,并采用Pearson 相关分析、多元逐步回归分析法探讨组织管理因素与矿工不安全心理及行为的关系。结果显示:矿工不安全心理水平与组织公平、组织支持、组织安全态度呈负相关、与生产任务呈正相关,矿工不安全行为水平与组织公平、组织支持、组织安全态度呈负相关,与生产任务呈正相关;矿工不安全心理受组织公平、组织支持及生产任务的影响显著;矿工不安全行为受组织安全态度及生产任务的影响显著。研究结果为煤矿企业提供了参考,煤矿管理者可据此采取相应的措施,有针对性地改善矿工的不安全心理,控制矿工的不安全行为。     

安全心理大数据的基础性问题研究

为探究大数据对安全心理学发展影响,把握大数据背景下安全心理学研究方向,基于大数据、安全心理学的理论,提出安全心理大数据定义,并阐述其内涵及研究意义。在此基础上,分析对比安全心理大数据与样本数据差异性,提出并解析安全心理大数据研究类型与准则,提炼基于大数据思维的安全心理学6条基础原理,构建安全心理大数据研究的“理论—技术—应用”三维结构体系。研究表明:基于大数据思维的安全心理学研究是未来发展趋势,其研究内容包括安全心理大数据的理论基础与应用基础。     

建筑物火灾时人员的认知水平对疏散心理和行为影响研究

在建筑物火灾中,个体行为因人员的个体特征、认知水平、社会特质、面临不同危险局面等因素的不同会呈现出极大的差异性。因此,在建筑物火灾中,人员应急疏散策略和方案在充分考虑紧急情况下外界环境因素的同时,还必须综合考虑处于火灾等紧急情况下的人员心理和行为特征。本研究是在大量调查问卷获得的数据和资料的基础上,基于一定的数学模型,利用相应的统计分析方法,主要讨论体现人员认知水平的文化程度、消防知识与经验二个因素对疏散心理和行为的影响特点。研究结果将充实我国人员疏散心理和行为反应数据库,为建筑防火性能化设计和人员消防培训提供基础数据和指导。     

自然灾害风险管理中社会因素的探讨

自然灾害风险具有自然属性和社会属性的双重特性。从自然灾害的社会属性入手,用灾害心理学、灾害经济学和灾害管理学的观点和方法,探讨了灾害所涉及的社会因素如个体和群体心理素质、意识形态和行为习惯,以及相关的灾害管理政策和区域经济环境问题。结合经济成本和综合效益的评价,分析了社会因素对灾害风险管理的相互关系和相互作用,并强调了自然灾害管理中防灾减灾的意识、政策和决策措施等有效性和可持续性的重要意义。     

群体心理行为模拟的探讨

目前群体心理行为的计算机模拟的重要性日益显现,研究工作取得了一定成就．面临的巨大困难是如何建立一个可信的群体心理模型。笔者对群体心理行为模拟现状进行了介绍和分析。     

道路交通参与者安全可靠性研究

从可靠性的角度研究了道路交通参与者的安全性,提出了道路交通参与者安全可靠性定义,在原有对驾驶员可靠性研究的基础上增加了对包括行人、非机动车驾驶员在内的道路交通参与者的可靠性研究,并结合心理学对事故成因进行分类,给出了交通事故树,建立了交通参与者安全可靠性模型,得出行人、非机动车驾驶员在道路交通安全中的作用是不可忽视的结论。     

Supporting conservationists’ mental health through better working conditions

Biodiversity conservation work can be challenging but rewarding, and both aspects have potential consequences for conservationists’ mental health. Yet, little is known about patterns of mental health among conservationists and its associated workplace protective and risk factors. A better understanding might help improve working conditions, supporting conservationists’ job satisfaction, productivity, and engagement, while reducing costs from staff turnover, absenteeism, and presenteeism. We surveyed 2311 conservation professionals working in 122 countries through an internet survey shared via mailing lists, social media, and other channels. We asked them about experiences of psychological distress, working conditions, and personal characteristics. Over half were from and worked in Europe and North America, and most had a university-level education, were in desk-based academic and practitioner roles, and responded in English. Heavy workload, job demands, and organizational instability were linked to higher distress, but job stability and satisfaction with one's contributions to conservation were associated with lower distress. Respondents with low dispositional and conservation-specific optimism, poor physical health, and limited social support, women, and early-career professionals were most at risk of distress in our sample. Our results flag important risk factors that employers could consider, although further research is needed among groups underrepresented in our sample. Drawing on evidence-based occupational health interventions, we suggest measures that could promote better working conditions and thus may improve conservationists’ mental health and abilities to protect nature.     

基于行为主义心理学视角探讨现行安全管理

试从行为主义心理学的角度对现行的安全生产管理方法进行探讨,一方面分析了人的不安全行为对于安全事故的重要影响,另一方面自行为、环境、强化、学习的因素对现行的安全管理方法提出了改进意见.通过将行为主义心理学与安全管理相结合,论述了心理学在安全管理中起到的积极作用,以及在未来更广阔的前景.