浅议建筑工程全过程的安全管理及实现途径

结合已开展的研究工作和实际项目,用系统工程的观点,总结和探讨了建筑工程全过程安全管理的内容、控制要求和研究方向。通过分析,提出实施人的安全性评价思路,使管理和教育能够针对性地强化建筑安全心理认知,更好地帮助人有意识地控制和协调建筑全过程各阶段的安全行为,从根本上全方位保证建筑安全水平的不断提高。     

论地震灾害心理研究的内容与目标

依据１９７６年唐山大地震后的现场调查材料，考察了地震灾害给人造成的心理伤害，分析了震灾心理的形成机制和表现特征，提出了地震灾害心理研究的基本内容和目标，同时对地震灾害发生后实施心理救助的问题也做了一些探讨。     

Education for Sustainable Development: The Johannesburg Summit and Beyond

The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), held in Johannesburg during 26 August and 4 September 2002, was a truly remarkable event, not least because it identified and committed the world community to what has to be done to realise Agenda 21 objectives. Discussion begins with the "means of implementation" of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPI). Education for, and raising awareness of, sustainable development are the key commitments in the "means of implementation". The issues central to these commitments are discussed. The crucial role of moral philosophy in education for sustainable development is then discussed. Defining the "problem" as lack of progress (in fact negative progress between Rio and Johannesburg) towards global sustainable development, a cause–effect relationship of the "problem" is developed based on a systematic and logical analysis. It shows that the "cause" is West's profoundly materialistic, environment-degrading and exploitative attitude and activities to satisfy grossly unsustainable, hedonistic and insatiably avaricious Western life-styles – life-styles that are held up by the West as "ideal" fruits of economic "development" to be aspired by all. The "effects" are pollution of air, water and soil; mounting loss of biodiversity, ecosystems and species; relentlessly widening north–south divide, etc. It is argued that while science and technology can address some of the "effects", they cannot address the "cause". Only moral philosophy can by fundamentally re-orienting moral values genuinely to respect nature and the environment. Based on sound and tested principles of Educational Psychology, a proposal is then made for including moral philosophy in the formal curricula (content and pedagogy) of primary, secondary and higher education for instilling in children and young people genuinely environment-respecting moral values. To this end a generic syllabus for the secondary level is proposed. Finally, it is argued that if the scientific community really believes that science or technology alone can radically change the pervasive environment-degrading moral values to those that genuinely respect the environment, thus paving the way to real global sustainability, then it must demonstrate how this could be done and explain why, despite their abundant science and technology, the developed nations are the biggest polluters and consumers with grossly unsustainable life-styles. Certainly, examples would be much more convincing than rhetoric or tired old clichés about how science and technology alone could deliver global sustainable development.     

基于安全心理学的主动式防火墙设计

当前防火墙的防御策略为被动防御 ,它只能被动等待攻击者的攻击 ,直接降低了其安全性能。从安全心理学的角度出发 ,分析了被动式防火墙的弱点并设计了一种新型防火墙。该防火墙采用主动式防御策略 ,对于在防火墙中识别出的非法访问 ,通过重定向 ,引导至识别区来保护主系统 ,降低攻击者的攻击欲望 ,从而提高了防火墙的安全性能。防火墙中关键技术为攻击识别技术和重定向技术。     

火灾情况下不同楼层对大学生疏散心理和行为反应影响的研究

火灾情况下不同楼层对大学生疏散心理和行为反应有重要影响.选择住宿的高职学生1141人作被试,采用统计分析法对不同楼层的学生进行问卷后统计分析结果显示:在火灾情景下,学生居住的楼层越高,从众心理越强,从众心理有随着楼层的增高而增强的趋势;楼层较高的学生比楼层较低的学生适应性行为多,会采取灭火行为,能做到就近逃生等;楼层最低的学生比楼层最高的学生能很快的表现出帮助他人脱离火场的能力和行为,但是楼层最高的学生比楼层居中的学生相互救助的意识强;楼层居中的学生比楼层较高的学生存在较强的惊慌心理.     

人不安全行为的心理测量与分析

分析人不安全行为心理测量与一般心理测量的区别;阐述人不安全行为心理测量量表的编制依据和具体的编制方法;给出了人不安全行为心理测量的初步施测量表,即包括8个分量表的总计750条指标项目。在确定施测范围、选取测量对象的基础上,实施对人不安全行为初步施测量表的心理测量,通过对初试量表测定数据的统计与分析,从750条指标项目中约减择取152条重要性程度较大的指标,组成人不安全行为心理测量的综合量表。通过对综合心理测试量表的现场施测,结果表明:该综合量表具有较高的信度和效度,可满足人不安全行为心理测量的要求。     

Individual differences in reactions towards color in simulated healthcare environments: The role of stimulus screening ability

The notion that the physical healthcare environment can affect our mood and behavior is well established. Despite this, individual differences in sensitivity to environmental stimuli have not received much attention. With the current research showing the importance of individual differences in sensitivity towards color, these may explain the contradictory effects found in color research. Two experiments focused on differences in environmental sensitivity, measured with stimulus screening ability. In both experiments, participants were presented with a scenario describing hospitalization with appendicitis and were exposed to a photo of a hospital room. The experiments tested the effects of environmental coloring of the hospital room (green and orange, both contrasted with white as a control condition), and the moderating role of stimulus screening ability (high-screeners vs. low-screeners) on stress (study 1) and arousal (study 2), and cognitive appraisals of the room (study 2). Stress-reducing effects of green and arousal-inducing effects of orange were both more pronounced for people scoring low on stimulus screening ability than for those who are able to effectively screen out complexity in the environment (high-screeners).     

交通主观安全感和客观安全感的博弈

安全交通行为主要表现在道路客观条件和道路使用者的交通安全意识的博弈。综述和评价交通心理领域主要的风险理论,行为-态度理论和任务-能力交互理论,总结出影响主观安全感和客观安全感的潜在因素和交互作用产生的博弈心理,试图揭示交通事故发生的个体层面的原因。分析结果表明:驾驶员安全驾驶行为是受到客观安全感(包括对路况、线性和道路环境等的评估)和个体主观安全感(主要是个性特征),这2种安全感的博弈共同影响着安全驾驶行为。     

驾驶员自身因素对限速标志识别能力的影响分析

以研究城市道路限速标志下驾驶行为的变化为主要目的,基于认知心理学知识,采用实地观测和问卷调查等手段,研究了驾驶员经过限速标志时的心理及反应过程。依据认知工效学中的注意和记忆等机制对驾驶员的限速标志认知过程进行了解析;从驾驶员自身角度分析了影响驾驶员识别限速标志的主要因素;利用因子分析方法对调查数据和调查项目进行统计分析;最终提取了影响驾驶员识别限速标志的6个自身因素为主因子,作为限速标志对驾驶行为影响较大的因素。该研究结果可为城市道路限速标志的设计与设置提供科学依据。     

民航飞行员职业安全意识的初步研究

编制民航飞行员职业安全意识调查问卷,对1310名民航飞行员进行调查。研究发现:民航飞行员职业安全意识总体水平良好,其中87%的人员达到良好以上水平;安全认知、安全情感与安全意志3个维度发展不平衡,安全意志水平显著低于其他两个维度;单位的安全教育、安全状况以及个人素质是影响民航飞行员职业安全意识的重要因素;经常接受安全教育的飞行员,其职业安全意识水平显著高于偶尔接受安全教育的飞行员;单位安全状况好的飞行员,其职业安全意识水平显著高于单位安全状况一般的飞行员;飞行学员的职业安全意识水平显著高于在职飞行员。建议采取创新安全教育、磨练安全意志、强化环境熏陶等措施,强化民航飞行员的职业安全意识,降低因飞行员原因引发的飞行事故率,提高民航的安全业绩。