大型群众性活动安全管理责任矩阵的研究探讨

针对突发事件未发生、发生前和发生中的3个不同阶段,把大型群众活动划分为日常、预警和应急3种管理状态。根据大型活动的组织机构和管理部门在策划、组织和运行过程中的安全管理责任和任务,设计了不同状态下活动承办者的安全责任矩阵。该研究对活动安全管理工作的落实和有效实施有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

中国泥石流监测预报研究现状与展望

论述了中国泥石流监测预报研究已取得的成就,分析了目前泥石流监测预报中存在的问题,提出了泥石流灾害监测预报系统的结构模型。     

输变电建设项目环境管理中存在问题及对策探讨

阐述了输变电建设项目在环境标准、技术规范、公众参与及竣工环保验收等方面存在的问题,并针对这些方面提出了建议。     

Social learning from public engagement: dreaming the impossible?

Learning that transcends participation processes is critical if public engagement is to translate into a legacy of enhanced environmental citizenship. However, a lack of empirical evidence has limited discussion to date to largely ‘aspirational’ claims. This paper offers the first rigorous examination of whether public participation does generate beyond-process social learning. Initially we review the literature on public participation and environmental citizenship to identify the key dimensions of social learning. We then re-visit a well-worked case study of an innovative public engagement process on the Hampshire waste strategy from the 1990s. Approximately one third of the original participants have been interviewed to identify whether and how the experience had a lasting effect on them. Key methodological difficulties are discussed, not least the analytical difficulties of attributing learning to a process that happened ten years previously. However, we argue that there is evidence that both instrumental and communicative learning have taken place, and conclude by identifying key areas that require further research.     

Underaddressed animal-welfare issues in conservation

Much progress has been made toward assessing and improving animal welfare in conservation. However, several glaring knowledge gaps remain where animal-welfare concerns exist but animal-welfare studies have not been performed in politically sensitive contexts. Based on contemporary issues in Australia, we identified 4 topics that require more research: animal-welfare oversight for operations designated as management (as opposed to research); animal-welfare impacts of biological agents used to control invasive animals; welfare of animals hunted recreationally; and animal-welfare impacts associated with indigenous wildlife use. Animal-welfare science may be applied to these sensitive topics through simple quantitative studies (e.g., quantifying the frequency of adverse animal-welfare events). Several such studies have effectively addressed animal-welfare concerns in similarly contentious contexts, including feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) culling in Australia, recreational hunting in Scandinavia, and indigenous whale hunting in the United States. For discussions of animal welfare in conservation to be evidence-based, courageous research is required in the 4 key areas we identified.     

Controversial sectors in banks’ sustainability reporting

Albeit indirectly, through its lending and investing, the financial sector can contribute substantially to achieve sustainable development. One of such practices concerns investment on or financing of entities that deal with environmentally or socially sensitive transactions (gambling, tobacco, alcohol, arms, etc.). Although there is a wealth of literature on banks’ CSR and its reporting, one can count on the fingers of one hand the studies mentioning explicitly these issue. What is more, this CSR practice gets treated only cursorily in these few studies. This study focuses on the communication of information on investment and financing of firms from controversial sectors in banks’ sustainability reports. We begin by examining whether financial institutions in our sample report having such policies or not. Then, we investigate what kind of policies are reported. In addition, this study seeks to capture the influence of national culture and firm-specific characteristics (type of property, listing status and multinationality) on the reporting of such issues. Ordinal regression analysis is used to analyse the relation of these factors with such reporting. Our findings suggest that the disclosure of information on policies regarding investment on and financing of firms from controversial sectors is not widespread, and the organizations reporting policies of total exclusion of some sectors or projects on ethical grounds are few. This study may encourage more detailed analyses of the type of CSR policies examined and of their impacts. It also may be of utility to banks by raising awareness about the need to consider these issues.     

检察院参与生态环境损害赔偿磋商的空间与角色选择

生态环境损害赔偿磋商从试点到全国推行,其地位愈加重要。当前,对于生态环境损害赔偿磋商的性质有颇多争议,其性质决定了是否需要第三力以及需要何种第三力,而在公法说、私法说、双阶构造说、三阶进阶说之上构建的生态环境损害赔偿磋商虽不相同,但建立磋商监督制度与磋商共同参与制度是其共同指向的完善路径,即检察院可作为第三力监督、参与磋商全过程。横向比较各省份对于检察院参与生态环境损害赔偿磋商的立法规定,总体看来检察院在此制度中地位不明、存在边缘化倾向,而实践中检察院具有协调跨区域磋商与促进赔偿义务之履行的作用,且生态环境损害赔偿磋商法律体系为检察院的监督与参与预留了空间,检察院可以法律监督者、公益代表者、社会治理者的身份参与,三种角色在不同阶段相互补充。     

基于Windows DEA模型的我国自然灾害应急公共投入绩效研究

为提升自然灾害应急公共投入绩效评价的精准性、科学性,运用动态绩效评价Windows DEA模型,结合应急处置结果,对我国近年来自然灾害领域的应急公共投入绩效进行全面系统评价,研究结果表明:我国应急公共投入效率不高且有较大改善空间;应急公共投入效率较高的省（区、市）未能产生辐射效应;我国应急公共投入效率呈现“滞后性”,即当年投入的应急公共投入在当年未得到相应产出。     

农业生产性服务对农户耕地质量保护行为的影响——来自江汉平原水稻主产区的证据

利用江汉平原水稻种植农户调查数据,建立Ordered Probit模型,讨论农业生产性服务对农户耕地质量保护行为的影响,揭示服务规模经营促进农户耕地质量保护行为的理论机制和现实逻辑。研究表明：（1）目前农户对修整农田水渠、施用农家肥、测土配方施肥、秸秆还田四类典型耕地质量保护措施的采纳比例分别为17.79%、17.31%、7.89%和90.69%;（2）控制其他条件不变,农业生产性服务能显著促进农户耕地质量保护行为,经检验后该结论依然稳健;（3）排除秸秆还田这一强制性措施后,生活型农户偏向采纳资本投入型技术,生产型农户则更偏好劳动投入型技术;（4）较之于生产型农户,农业生产性服务对生活型农户采纳耕地质量保护措施的促进作用更强。     

Adaptive capacity for climate change in Canadian rural communities

Abstract

It is widely acknowledged that promoting the long-term sustainability of rural areas requires an assessment of their capacity to handle stress from a host of external and internal factors such as resource depletion, global trading agreements, service reductions and changing demographics, to name but some. The sustainability literature includes a number of approaches for conducting capacity evaluations but is sparse regarding effective methods and empirical examples. This article provides one approach for assessing community capacity and gives results from its application to a specific Canadian rural community. The authors use general capacity variables and indicators to focus on a particular stress, namely impacts from climate change, and on one type of capacity, namely the capacity to adapt (to such climatic change). A basic framework and profiling tool (‘amoeba’) for describing the resources underlying community adaptive capacity are offered. The researchers provide a set of indicators reflecting social, human, institutional, natural and economic resources and relate them to climate change adaptation at the community level. Although the indicators cannot be replicated exactly for other rural communities, the essentials of the framework and the profiling tool can. In fact it is hoped that the ideas and example found in this article will encourage researchers to enhance and improve on the methods and results for work on community capacity.