石油烃类降解菌分离筛选及其特性的实验

通过选择性培养从被石油污染土壤中分离出2株能够以机油为碳源和能源的菌株LL1和LL2,测定了温度、底物浓度和pH值对其降解能力的影响,确定了最佳生长条件,并试验了菌株对正己烷、苯和甲苯的降解能力。实验表明,2种菌株都对机油有较强的降解能力,在实验最适条件下分别达到53%和77%,其中LL2菌株还对苯和甲苯有一定的降解能力,具有较好的应用前景。     

Microbial safety control of compost material with cow dung by heat treatment

Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung.In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material,the cow dung was put into a heat treatment machine in pilot plan, and harmless condition in short time was examined.The results indicated,pathogenic indicator bacteria such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliform,Escherichia coli and salmonella were all 10~6 cfu/g dw at the beginning,died rapidly when cow dung temperature rose to above 50℃,and not detected at 54-68℃for 6-24 h heat treatment.Coliform bacteria and salmonella in heated cow dung were not detected by re-growth culture and enrichment culture examination.Moreover,it was hardly influenced on the fermentation ability of composting microbe,organic decomposition bacteria.During heat treatment,the mesophile decreased rapidly and the thermophile stabilized or increased,and the most of composting microbe were bacillus in cow dung by fluorescence microscope,this indicated that bacillus was dominator and composting microbe in composting process.     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS), were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes. Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads (exceeding 95%). The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

顶板水力挠动强制卸压煤层瓦斯抽采工程实践

对塑性松软煤体进行水力挠动较难取得理想的瓦斯增浓提效效果,为克服该措施的局限性,使松软煤层有效卸压增透,可将挠动对象转移至煤层顶板砂岩.基于对顶板砂岩水力挠动裂隙发育、延展及煤层卸压增透机理分析,在试验矿井的松软煤层及顶板砂岩中分别施工钻孔进行水力挠动试验,同时采用多级指标对措施后的瓦斯抽采效果进行考察.结果表明:水力...     

长荡湖围网养殖区长时序时空演变遥感监测

根据长荡湖地区1983—2020年共38景遥感影像中围网养殖区的光谱信息与纹理信息,借助ENVI和ArcGIS软件,通过人机交互目视解译的方法,提取了长荡湖的围网养殖区,分析其38 a的连续时空变化.结果表明,长荡湖围网养殖经历了无围网期(1983—1986年)、增长期(1987—1999年)、巅峰期(2000—200...     

Motivating children's cooperation to conserve forests

Forests are essential common-pool resources. Understanding children's and adolescents’ motivations for conservation is critical to improving conservation education. In 2 experiments, we investigated 1086 school-aged children and adolescents (6–16 years old) from the United States, China, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Testing participants in groups, we assessed their motivation for conservation based on collective-risk common-pool goods games in which they were threatened with losing their endowment unless the group donation exceeded a threshold needed to maintain the forest. Extrinsic motivations, rather than intrinsic, tended to lead to successful cooperation to maintain a forest. Certainty of losing individual payoffs significantly boosted successful cooperative conservation efforts across cultures (success rates were 90.63% and 74.19% in the 2 risk-extrinsic conditions, and 43.75% in the control condition). In U.S. participants, 2 extrinsic incentives, priming discussions of the value of forests and delay of payoffs as punishment, also increased success of cooperative conservation (success rates were 97.22% and 76.92% in the 2 extrinsic-incentive conditions, and 29.19% and 30.77% in the 2 control conditions). Conservation simulations, like those we used, may allow educators to encourage forest protection by leading groups to experience successful cooperation and the extrinsic incentives needed to motivate forest conservation.