标准BOD5测定法的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置研究

"稀释与接种法"是BOD5的标准测定方法,制备溶解氧接近饱和且不含能干扰生化耗氧过程的物质的稀释水,是该法重要的工作之一.由真空泵带动的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置,流程合理、装配容易、调控灵活,可连贯进行空气净化与稀释水曝气,而制取符合质量要求的稀释水.     

Using environmental stressor information to predict the ecological status of Maryland non-tidal streams as measured by biological indicators

In Maryland, U.S., an interim framework has recentlybeen developed for using biologically based thresholds, or `biocriteria', to assess the health of nontidal streams statewide at watershed scales. The evaluation of impairment is based on indices of biological integrity from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS). We applied logistic regression to quantify how the biotic integrity of streams at a local scale is affected by cumulative effects resulting from catchment land uses, point sources, and nearby transmission line rights-of-way. Indicators for land use were developed from the remote sensing National Land Cover Data and applied at different scales. We determined that the risk of local impairment in nontidal streams rapidly increases with increased urban land use in the catchment area. The average likelihood of failing biocriteria doubled with every 10% points increment in urban land, thus an increase in urban land use from 0 to 20% quadruples the risk of impairment. For the basins evaluated in this study, catchments with more than 40–50% urban land use had greater than 80% probability of failing biocriteria, on average. Inclusion of rights-of-way and point sources in the model did not significantly improve the fit for this data set, most likely because of their low numbers. The overall results indicate that our predictive modeling approach can help pinpoint stream ecosystems experiencing or vulnerable to degradation.     

Temperature and Concentration Effects in Biomonitoring of Organic Air Pollutants

Up to now only very few studies in biomonitoring of organic air pollutants have been published taking into account the strong influence mean temperatures have on the accumulation process into plants during the course of the exposition. Temperature governed sorption as well as the plants vitality pose a major source of uncertainty making inter-study comparisons difficult. Different surface-to-volume ratios of plant foliage lead to strongly varying concentration effects in different plant species. Moreover a plants content of waxes and lipids must be considered in order to relate xenobiotic concentrations to the compounds being most efficient in the bioaccumulation process. Some of these factors are evaluated in regard to the use of plants as biomonitors for organic air pollutants. Another aim is to deduce the mean ambient gas phase concentrations from PAH concentrations determined in the biomonitor plants using vegetation-air partitioning coefficients which have been corrected for temperature dependent sorption as well as the plants lipid content. Restrictions of such approaches and methods of biomonitoring in general are discussed.     

汽车尾气污染及其净化处理技术

本文详细阐述了汽车尾气的有害成份及其对人类健康的危害。为此 ,应该采取净化处理措施 ,减少或者消除有害气体的产生 ,为大气环境洁净而创造条件。     

Heavy metals in water bodies purified by suspended substrate of rivers

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硫代磷酸二乙酯加热水解的研究

在二升高压釜中,氮气氛条件下研究了有机磷农药废水的主要污染物质——硫代磷酸二乙酯(浓度为100ppm)的水解动力学.运用气相色谱法,在pH2—4,温度140—190℃范围,得到不同条件下的一级反应速率常数k,获得pH、温度与反应速率常数的关系,并对硫化磷酸二乙酯的水解条件进行了讨论.     

中国臭氧短期暴露与人群死亡之间关系的Meta分析研究

为探讨中国臭氧短期暴露与死亡率之间的关系，更新适用于中国本地化的暴露-反应系数，本研究全面检索了1990年1月1日-2020年1月1日在Web of Science数据库、PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方医学数据库和维普数据库上发表的文献，以"O₃/臭氧（ozone）"、"空气污染（air pollution）"、"死亡率（mortality）"、"时间序列（time-series）"，"病例交叉（case-crossover）"、"中国（China）"为关键词，对符合纳入标准的文献进行质量评价后提取相关数据，通过Meta分析方法合并估计值.结果显示，大气中臭氧浓度每增加10 μg·m^-3，人群总死亡率、心血管系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病死亡率分别增加0.40%（95% CI：0.28%~0.52%）、0.67%（95% CI：0.46%~0.88%）、0.23%（95% CI：-0.20%~0.66%）.亚组分析结果表明，除季节外，温度、年龄、性别均不存在显著的修饰作用.本文结论可为开展城市大气污染健康风险精细化评估提供依据.     

煤矿含悬浮物矿井水净化处理技术探讨

论述了含悬浮物矿井水净化处理利用的必要性，矿井水水质，水量和处理要求，现有的处理工艺，混凝剂及混合方式，主要处理构筑物和消毒方式等。指出了在确定处理规模，处理工艺，设计参数，药剂选择和投加过程中存在的问题，并给出了解决上述问题的方法。     

利用水生植物净化富营养化水体的研究进展

综述了近几年来利用水生植物净化富营养化水体的研究和应用现状，包括水生植物的净化机理和净化效果，并对目前常用净化富营养化水体的水生植物研究频度进行了统计。此外，还着重强调了水生植物在净化应用中需关注的问题，展望了这种净化技术的发展前景。     

混凝法在滇池蓝藻暴发期净水除藻的可行性研究

采用精制硫酸铝为混凝剂,L93^4正交法安排滇池蓝藻暴发期混凝沉降除藻除净水工艺实验。结果表明,混凝剂种类、水样pH值对蓝藻去除率有很大影响。研究确定了混凝剂除藻最佳操作条件,为混凝法去除蓝藻的工业化提供了理论和实际操作依据。