The call for an increased role of replication,extension, and mixed‐methods study designs in organizational research

Examples from previously published work by the lead author on the role of employee health indicators on individual and organizational outcomes provide an intriguing backdrop through the use of illustration for suggesting some of the many benefits obtained by the incorporation of replication, extension, and mixed‐methods study designs in organizational research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄土高原不同地貌区土壤有机碳空间变异与合理取样数研究

论文运用经典统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,以黄土高原典型地貌丘陵沟壑区(庄浪县)与平原区(武功县)为例,探讨了土壤有机碳空间变异特征及县域尺度土壤有机碳的合理采样数。研究表明,丘陵沟壑区有机碳的变异系数较小,变化范围在0.176 到0.200 之间,平原区较沟壑区大,变化范围在0.24 到0.26 之间,基于经典统计学,在5%的精度要求和95%的置信区间,沟壑区的合理样本数为64 个,平原区为110 个。丘陵沟壑区与平原区两区域都呈现出强烈的空间相关性且变程较小,分别为2 250、900 m,庄浪县土壤有机碳含量高值区斑块较破碎,东部较西部多、北部比南部多;武功县土壤有机碳含量西南与中部地区含量较高,高值区比庄浪县相对集中。根据土壤有机碳的空间相关性和克里格插值的独立验证得出庄浪县与武功县的合理采样数分别为903、1 838 个,合理样本数的确定对合理评价黄土高原地区碳储量的预测精度有重要意义。     

Dynamic effects of personal initiative on engagement and exhaustion: The role of mood,autonomy, and support

Researchers have neglected dynamic effects of proactive behavior on occupational well‐being. We investigated effects of change in personal initiative over 6 months on changes in emotional engagement and exhaustion over the following 6 months. On the basis of the control‐process theory on affect, we hypothesized that changes in positive and negative moods mediate these effects conditional upon employees' level of perceived organizational support. On the basis of action regulation theory, we assumed that change in job autonomy also acts as a mediator. Data came from 297 employees who responded to 3 surveys separated by 6‐month intervals. Results of latent change score modeling showed that change in personal initiative negatively predicted change in positive mood and, when perceived organizational support was low, positively predicted change in negative mood. In addition, change in personal initiative positively predicted change in job autonomy. Change in personal initiative had negative indirect effects on change in emotional engagement, and positive indirect effects on change in emotional exhaustion through changes in positive and negative moods (but not through change in job autonomy). A reverse causal model did not yield significant indirect effects. Overall, these findings suggest that an increase in proactive behavior can have detrimental effects on occupational well‐being.     

雄安新区土壤重金属地球化学监测关键问题探讨

为构建雄安新区土壤环境质量监控网,系统获取雄安新区建设前后土壤重金属地球化学数据,长期监测新区建设过程中土壤重金属的变化趋势,在分析雄安新区土地质量地球化学调查监测数据和土壤重金属元素地球化学空间变异特征的基础上,采用统计学方法估算构建新区土壤地球化学监测网所需要的采样密度、采样数量和采样周期等参数,为后续新区土壤重金属地球化学长期监测工作提供参考.结果表明,调查区重金属As、 Cd、 Cu、 Hg和Pb元素变异系数>36%,属于高度变异元素; Cd、 Cu和Pb元素块金系数均>75%,其高度富集是在较高自然背景上出现了人为源的叠加.在置信水平P为95%和90%时,对样本平均值允许误差Δ分别为5%、 10%和15%的条件下,同时对新区土壤中8种重金属As、 Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Hg、 Ni、 Pb和Zn进行土壤环境质量监测,最少合理采样数分别为1 077个、 270个、 120个和767个、 192个、 86个.土壤各重金属元素可监测最小变化量(MDC)介于0.0025～2.54 mg·kg^-1之间.在不同的重金属年变化速率下土壤重金属监测所需要的...     

The indirect relations of workplace incivility with emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame: The moderating roles of observed incivility and trait emotional control

Drawing from the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we develop a model linking experienced incivility to emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame, with observed incivility experienced by coworkers as a first‐stage moderator and trait emotional control as a second‐stage moderator. We contend that employees will experience self‐blame if they perceive themselves to be distinct targets of incivility (i.e., observed incivility experienced by others is low). Self‐blame can potentially trigger prosocial responses for improving the situation, but self‐blaming targets rarely respond in a prosocial manner because rational attempts to do so are thwarted by deleterious negative emotions accompanying self‐blame. We argue that trait emotional control provides resources for managing these negative emotions to unleash a bright side of self‐blame, such that the relation of self‐blame with prosocial responses (i.e., being supportive to coworkers) will be more positive and the relation of self‐blame with emotional exhaustion will be less positive for individuals with high (vs. low) trait emotional control. Multiwave data collected from a sample of 220 police officers largely support our hypotheses, indicating that the indirect relation of experienced incivility with supportive behaviors via self‐blame is strongest at lower levels of observed incivility and higher levels of emotional control.     

"有序"开采:北方地区地下水资源利用中两难选择的途径

北方干旱、半干旱地区地下水超采严重，水资源供需矛盾突出。为探索一条地下水合理开发利用的途径．本文提出了“有序”开采的思路：在来来几十年内．政府部门应根据人口，经济发展规划提出地下水资源需求量的控制计划．并给下属各地区下达取水配额。使储存资源的消耗处于有计划和监控范围内。有序开采应分阶段实现：第一阶段应以抑侧超采量的过快增长为目标；第二阶段应以需水总量的下降为目标；第三阶段应实现总需水量低于地下水系统补给资源量，使数十年超采造成的储存资源亏空逐年得以偿还。“有序”开采应注意三点：①超采必须限制在有限时间内；②开采活动应在政府的严格控制之下。任何超过计划配额的取水行为都是不允许的；③开采量和总需水量的下降，必须以节水为前提。发达国家的需水量变化经历证明。通过“有序”开采实现北方地区地下水可持续利用是可行的．     

征地农民合理补偿的可能途径及可行性分析--以上海市为例

对征地农民的补偿往往被看成是征地补偿的一个部分。从而政府不得不在征地农民的合理补偿与商用成本的降低之间做出两难选择。本文认为。对征地农民的合理补偿不应局限于失地的补偿，同时应该包括其脱离农村集体经济的补偿以及其“农转非”后的市民化补助。如果某些制约征地农民补偿的制度及法律上的障碍能够及时加以消除。那么这样的一种合理补偿不仅是可行的，而且是可期待的。     

跨界水资源公平合理利用原则的困境与对策

公平合理利用原则是国际水法的一项基本原则,它的内涵体现为权利义务的一致性,即各国有在其领土内利用跨界水资源的权利,同时又要承担不剥夺其他国家在其领土内利用跨界水资源的义务和不对跨界水资源进行损害和浪费的义务。从理论上看,对保护跨界水资源及协调跨界水资源利用冲突有重要的意义。但由于公平合理利用原则目前尚存在评价标准不明确、保障制度不完备等内在缺陷,以致其在实践中经常陷于难以适用的困境。要摆脱公平合理利用原则的适用困境,应以权利义务相一致的原理为指导,进一步明确“公平合理利用”的评价标准,厘清必要的用水优先权顺序,使公平合理利用原则具有可操作性。同时,应建立起受益补偿制度、公众参与制度、损害预警制度等有利于公平合理利用原则实现的保障制度。     

Episodes of incivility between subordinates and supervisors: examining the role of self‐control and time with an interaction‐record diary study

Scholars have hypothesized that experiencing incivility not only negatively affects well‐being, but may even trigger further antisocial behavior. Previous research, however, has focused mainly on the relation between incivility and well‐being. Thus, little is known about the behavioral consequences of incivility. With this in mind, we conducted an interaction‐record diary study to examine whether supervisor incivility causes retaliatory incivility against the supervisor. Using the self‐control strength model as a framework, we further examined whether the target's trait (trait self‐control) and state (exhaustion) self‐regulatory capacities moderate this effect. In addition, we examined the role of time by testing the duration of the effect. When we analyzed the full data set, we found no support for our hypotheses. However, using a subset of the data in which the subsequent interaction happened on the same day as the prior interaction, our results showed that experiencing incivility predicted incivility in the subsequent interaction, but only when the time lag between the two interactions was short. Furthermore, in line with the assumption that self‐regulatory capacities are required to restrain a target from retaliatory responses, the effect was stronger when individuals were exhausted. In contrast to our assumption, trait self‐control had no effect on instigated incivility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤矿井筒防冻的无风机方式及耗热量计算

防止煤矿井筒出现结冰现象，对保证矿井安全生产和正常生产至关重要。无风机方式有别于其他传统的方式，是一种技术可靠、造价低、非常适合于我国广大地区的井筒防冻方式。