北方城市干涸河流区域资源管理与环境整治模式——以滹沱河石家庄市区段生态恢复与重建模式为例

针对城市化进程中所导致的河流干涸、景观与生物多样性丧失、生态环境恶化等问题,研究了我国北方典型城干涸河流生态恢复与环境整治模式。借助遥感、GIS技术、环境监测等手段,对研究区域--滹沱河石家庄市区段的生态环境现状进行了调查与分析,提出了“以绿代水”的生态-恢复与重建模式。在对河流进行生态输水、水资源合理管理与调度的同时,选择适宜的研究尺度,提出了恢复流域内自然植被的“绿色滹沱”模式,即:河道中心区--乡土草本滞洪补潜;缓冲区----灌木束水导流、杨柳护堤造岸;过渡区-林果防风固沙。最后,还提出了滹沱河区域环境与资源管--理的建议。论文为城市干涸河流的生态环境整治与区域资源管理提出了新的理念和途径。     

立体传质塔板在含硫污水汽提塔技改中的应用

采用新型高效立体传质塔板(CTST),对济南石化分公司的含硫污水汽提塔进行技术改造,在原塔外壳、降液管以及上部填料段等均不变的条件下,仅用CTST塔板替换原浮阀塔板,改造后处理能力由原来的100t/h提高到180t/h,净化水氨氮含量降低到50mg/L以下,实现了净化水的全部回用。     

Strategic planning for post-disaster temporary housing

Temporary housing programmes suffer from excessively high cost, late delivery, poor location, improper unit designs and other inherent issues. These issues can be attributed in part to a prevalence of ad hoc tactical planning, rather than pre-disaster strategic planning, for reconstruction undertaken by governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the chaotic post-disaster environment. An analysis of the process and outcomes from six case studies of temporary housing programmes after disasters in Turkey and Colombia in 1999, Japan in 1995, Greece in 1986, Mexico in 1985, and Italy in 1976 yields information about the extent to which strategic planning is employed in temporary housing programmes, as well as common issues in temporary housing. Based on an understanding of these common issues, this paper proposes a framework for strategic planning for temporary housing that identifies organisational designs and available resources for temporary housing before the disaster, but allows modifications to fit the specific post-disaster situation.     

满洲里市景观生态修复与重建

受到自然和人为因素的影响,满洲里市生态环境十分脆弱。其基本景观型包括城镇、水域、垦殖地和矿区景观。根据各类景观破坏的原因和现状,将产业生态学与流域生态学的原理相结合,提出重建、修复的措施或对策。     

干旱荒漠区植被恢复与重建的探讨

西北干旱荒漠区生境严酷，物种贫乏，植被稀疏低矮，加上不合理的开发利用，致生境恶化。利用当地有限的水源来实现干旱荒漠区的植被恢复，防止流沙蔓延，可以从以下两方面入手：一方面，以裸地为立地条件，利用当地的关键种(keystone specics)或优势种(dominant species)，选择合适的生境，采用人工种子库和幼苗移植等方法，促使已缺失的植物种在目的地重新定居；另一方面，利用灌丛效应选择合适物种加以配合，提高干旱荒漠区的植被盖度。研究表明：以上两种途径对实现干旱荒漠区的植被恢复和重建是可行的。     

北疆250年地表水资源变化特征及未来趋势预测

本文从北疆年轮场重建了北疆２５０年的地表水资源，探讨气候－地表水资源－年轮之间的关系，分析地表水资源的长期变化特征，预测其变化趋势，为北疆地表水资源的研究与利用提供了新的参考依据。     

Nonparametric Ranked-set Sampling Confidence Intervals for Quantiles of a Finite Population

Ranked-set sampling from a finite population is considered in this paper. Three sampling protocols are described, and procedures for constructing nonparametric confidence intervals for a population quantile are developed. Algorithms for computing coverage probabilities for these confidence intervals are presented, and the use of interpolated confidence intervals is recommended as a means to approximately achieve coverage probabilities that cannot be achieved exactly. A simulation study based on finite populations of sizes 20, 30, 40, and 50 shows that the three sampling protocols follow a strict ordering in terms of the average lengths of the confidence intervals they produce. This study also shows that all three ranked-set sampling protocols tend to produce confidence intervals shorter than those produced by simple random sampling, with the difference being substantial for two of the protocols. The interpolated confidence intervals are shown to achieve coverage probabilities quite close to their nominal levels. Rankings done according to a highly correlated concomitant variable are shown to reduce the level of the confidence intervals only minimally. An example to illustrate the construction of confidence intervals according to this methodology is provided.     

Empirical Bayes calculations of concordance between endpoints in environmental toxicity experiments

Hierarchical models are considered for estimating the probability of agreement between two outcomes or endpoints from an environmental toxicity experiment. Emphasis is placed on generalized regression models, under which the prior mean is related to a linear combination of explanatory variables via a monotone function. This function defines the scale over which the systematic effects are modelled as additive. Specific illustration is provided for the logistic link function. The hierarchical model employs a conjugate beta prior that leads to parametric empirical Bayes estimators of the individual agreement parameters. An example from environmental carcinogenesis illustrates the methods, with motivation derived from estimation of the concordance between two species carcinogenicity outcomes. Based on a large database of carcinogenicity studies, the inter-species concordance is seen to be reasonably informative, i.e. in the range 67–84%. Stratification into pertinent potency-related sub-groups via the logistic model is seen to improve concordance estimation: for environmental stimuli at the extremes of the potency spectrum, concordance can reach well above 90%.     

混沌理论在河流溶解氧预测中的应用初探

基于混沌理论、相空间重构思想和嵌入理论分析涟水流域溶解氧的时间序列，计算吸引子维数和最大的Lyapunov指数，研究河流水质系统的复杂性特征。结果表明，河流溶解氧时间序列具有混沌特性，其外在表现为貌似随机的无规则特点；但系统本身内在的、固有的规律(表现在最大的Lyapunov指数)，表明短期预测河流水质变化是可行的，并应用混沌相空间模线性回归模型进行了预测，其预测结果对涟水流域的水质管理和控制具有一定的参考价值。     

水是西北地区生态系统重建的根本

我国以植树造林为核心的生态环境建设取得了很大成绩,到1997年全国已累计造林4627万hm²,其中“三北地区”3024万hm²。但也存在着很大问题,主要表现在平均造林成活率仅25%,保存率仅13%。经分析,西北地区少雨干旱,缺土壤水是“年年造林不见林”的主要原因。分析表明,水是西北地区生态系统重建的根本,而跨流域调水、加强水资源管理、雨水资源化、发展节水农业、普及节水意识等,是解决西北地区水资源短缺的根本途径。