壳聚糖的絮凝性能及其在废水脱色处理中的应用

介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及其作为絮凝剂的优点,探讨了壳聚糖的絮凝机理,分析了壳聚糖絮凝效果的影响因素(包括废水p H、絮凝温度、搅拌转速及时间、壳聚糖投加量、壳聚糖脱乙酰度及相对分子质量、废水浊度),总结了壳聚糖改性和复合后在废水脱色处理中的应用。指出:未来还需更深入地研究絮凝机理,同时也需进一步研究影响絮凝效果的因素;新型壳聚糖絮凝剂将向更高效、成本更低且环境友好的方向发展。     

某型橡胶密封圈加速贮存试验设计与实践

目的针对某型橡胶密封圈开展加速贮存试验设计,并通过试验预测产品贮存寿命。方法通过分析橡胶密封圈在贮存使用环境下的失效机理,结合橡胶材料性能老化模型,在不改变失效机理、又不增加新的失效机理的前提下,以密封圈整件作为试验对象,用加大温度应力的试验方法加速产品失效过程,根据试验结果预计正常环境应力下的产品贮存寿命。结果采用温度应力作为加速贮存应力开展密封圈加速贮存试验方案设计和验证工作,评估得到其在贮存温度为20℃的环境中,贮存寿命可以达到16.97年,置信度大于0.95。结论以密封圈整件作为试验件,采用温度应力作为贮存敏感应力开展加速贮存试验,所评估得到的贮存寿命与产品已有的自然贮存寿命结果吻合得较好,试验状态更加真实,为橡胶密封圈更换周期提供参考依据,并为密封圈贮存寿命的定量评估提供了一种参考方法。     

土壤释汞通量影响因素研究进展

汞具有独特的物理化学性质和生物毒性,能在大气中长期滞留,对距离污染源较远的地区造成污染。土壤是一个巨大的汞库,土壤和大气界面汞的交换是汞的生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分,能够对周围环境产生显著的影响。土壤释汞通量受到很多环境因素的影响,如土壤中汞的形态、土壤和大气中汞含量、土壤温度、光照、土壤湿度、降雨和灌溉、土壤p H和Eh、植被、气象因素、微生物等。环境因素的变化可能会导致土壤释汞通量的昼夜变化和季节变化。环境因素通常对土壤释汞通量进行复合影响,而最终的影响结果可能表现为协同或是拮抗作用。本文对影响土壤释汞通量的主要因素及其影响机理进行了详细地介绍,提出了对各种环境因素的复合效应的结果的研究需要进一步开展。     

浙江省"五水共治"管理机制的经验与启示

国内传统治水管理机制存在较多弊端,浙江省以"五水共治"为契机建章立制,将创新性的理念转化为实践,以科学的治水方式、有效的治水模式、多样的治水形式为立足点,建立了组织领导、规划推进、责任落实、督查考核、区域联动、经费保障和全民共治等特色管理机制,取得了明显的成效,但是"五水共治"现行的管理机制仍有不少欠缺之处,需要不断完善治水管理机制,形成"政府统领、企业施治、市场驱动、公众参与"的水环境保护新机制.     

液气燃料烟气的最大余热量与节能率计算研究

在中国能源结构中,燃油与天然气所占比例迅速上升.燃烧后排烟温度一般为160℃~180℃,仍含有较多能量,可以二次利用.本文通过对液、气体燃料中具有代表性的0号轻质柴油及天然气烟气的余热量与节能率进行计算,发现低温烟气余热中的水蒸气余热量占有很大比例,柴油烟气为55.08%,天热气烟气为79.41%.回收烟气余热,尤其是其中水蒸汽的潜热对低温烟气的热回收具有重要意义.若有效回收利用,既是对一次能源的二次利用,更符合"十三五"期间国家节能减排的相关政策要求.     

浅论加强劳动合同管理对国企建立能进能出用人机制的作用

劳动合同制度是企业在市场经济条件下建立员工能进能出用人机制的本质体现。而在国有企业中，受长期计划经济的影响，存在着劳动合同制度流于形式，劳动合同内容及形式不完备，程序不规范，企业对劳动合同制度重视不够、员工进出没有制度保障的问题。加强劳动合同管理，能够规范人员进入企业的入口，打通企业的人员出口。     

Dairy Manure Treatment,Digestion and Nutrient Recovery as a Phosphate Fertilizer

A combined approach of biological treatment, solids digestion and nutrient recovery was tested on dairy manure. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated in three modes, in order to optimize nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removals. The highest average removal efficiencies of 91% for NH₄-N, 59% for PO₄-P and 80% for total chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved. Staining experiments suggested the coexistence of glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms. Anaerobic digestion of wasted bio-solids was able to produce a PO₄-P concentration of 70 mgL^?1 in the supernatant. A pilot-scale experiment, designed to recover phosphorus in the supernatant as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), was able to remove 82% of soluble PO₄-P.     

Longitudinal Analysis of Attitudes Toward Wolves

Understanding individual attitudes and how these predict overt opposition to predator conservation or direct, covert action against predators will help to recover and maintain them. Studies of attitudes toward wild animals rely primarily on samples of individuals at a single time point. We examined longitudinal change in individuals’ attitudes toward gray wolves (Canis lupus). In the contiguous United States, amidst persistent controversy and opposition, abundances of gray wolves are at their highest in 60 years. We used mailed surveys to sample 1892 residents of Wisconsin in 2001 or 2004 and then resampled 656 of these individuals who resided in wolf range in 2009. Our study spanned a period of policy shifts and increasing wolf abundance. Over time, the 656 respondents increased agreement with statements reflecting fear of wolves, the belief that wolves compete with hunters for deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and inclination to poach a wolf. Endorsement of lethal control of wolves by the state and public hunting of wolves also increased. Neither the time span over which respondents reported exposure to wolves locally nor self‐reported losses of domestic animals to wolves correlated with changes in attitude. We predict future increases in legal and illegal killing of wolves that may reduce their abundance in Wisconsin unless interventions are implemented to improve attitudes and behavior toward wolves. To assess whether interventions change attitudes, longitudinal studies like ours are needed. Análisis Longitudinal de las Actitudes Hacia Lobos     

New Institutional Mechanism in China Facilitating the Global Sustainability—Environment to Be Counted in Officials' Performance Rating

Abstract

Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way.     

Environmental and economic benefit of recycling model of packaging waste: a case study on aluminum

Abstract

In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.