Modelling spatial distribution of hard bottom benthic communities and their functional response to environmental parameters

In this study we analyzed and modelled spatial distribution of hard bottom benthic communities in the Lagoon of Venice, and used the model to derive functional response of these communities to changing environmental conditions.     

Analysis of the relationship between ambient levels of O3, NO2 and NO as a function of NOx in the UK

Monitoring data from the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O₃), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) as a function of NO_x, for levels ranging from those typical of UK rural sites to those observed at polluted urban kerbside sites. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing how the level of ‘oxidant’, OX (taken to be the sum of O₃ and NO₂) varies with the level of NO_x, and therefore to gain some insight into the atmospheric sources of OX, particularly at polluted urban locations. The analyses indicate that the level of OX at a given location is made up of NO_x-independent and NO_x-dependent contributions. The former is effectively a regional contribution which equates to the regional background O₃ level, whereas the latter is effectively a local contribution which correlates with the level of primary pollution. The local oxidant source has probable contributions from (i) direct NO₂ emissions, (ii) the thermal reaction of NO with O₂ at high NO_x, and (iii) common-source emission of species which promote NO to NO₂ conversion. The final category may include nitrous acid (HONO), which appears to be emitted directly in vehicle exhaust, and is potentially photolysed to generate HO_x radicals on a short timescale throughout the year at southern UK latitudes. The analyses also show that the local oxidant source has significant site-to-site variations, and possible reasons for these variations are discussed. Relationships between OX and NO_x, based on annual mean data, and fitted functions describing the relative contributions to OX made by NO₂ and O₃, are used to define expressions which describe the likely variation of annual mean NO₂ as a function of NO_x at 14 urban and suburban sites, and which can take account of possible changes in the regional background of O₃.     

游泳池循环水抑藻方法研究

本研究采用氯化混凝技术 ,有效地抑制了游泳池水中藻类生长。经此技术处理后的游泳池水清澈透明 ,达到卫生部颁布的《游泳场所卫生标准》的要求 ,既节约水资源 ,又避免污染环境 ,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Occurrence of organic pollutants in recovered soil fines from construction and demolition waste

The objective of this study was to characterize recovered soil fines from construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling facilities for trace organic pollutants. Over a period of 18 months, five sampling trips were made to 14 C&D waste recycling facilities in Florida. Screened soil fines were collected from older stockpiles and newly generated piles at the sites. The samples were analyzed for the total concentration (mg/kg) of a series of volatile organic compound (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs). The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) test was also performed to evaluate the leachability of the trace organic chemicals. During the total analysis only a few volatile organic compounds were commonly found in the samples (trichlorofluoromethane, toluene, 4-isopropyltoluene, trimethylbenzene, xylenes, and methylene chloride). A total of nine VOCs were detected in the leaching test. Toluene showed the highest leachability among the compounds (61.3-92.0%), while trichlorofluoromethane, the most commonly detected compound from both the total and leaching tests, resulted in the lowest leachability (1.4-39.9%). For the semi-VOC analysis, three base-neutral semi-VOC compounds (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate) and several PAHs (acenaphthene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) were commonly detected in C&D fines samples. These compounds also leached during the SPLP leaching test (0.1-25%). No acid extractable compounds, pesticides, or PCBs were detected. The results of this study were further investigated to assess risk from land applied recovered soil fines by comparing total and leaching concentrations of recovered soil fines samples to risk-based standards. The results of this indicate that the organic chemicals in recovered soil fines from C&D debris recycling facilities were not of a major concern in terms of human risk and leaching risk to groundwater under reuse and contact scenarios.     

环氧化合物分子结构与致变活性的关系

由化学物质毒性效应登录(RTECS)1998年光盘系统检索获得86种环氧化合物对鼠沙门氏菌致变活性数据.应用主成分分析法从11种分子描述符中选择出5种对致变活性有明显影响的描述符:碳原子数,苯环数,氢原子数,烷基数和氧原子数.通过样本学习集训练并优化神经网络结构,建模分类预报:对于86个样本,低和高2类活性,正确分类率达到92%.结果表明:3～4个骈接苯环的环氧化物的特殊结构具有很强的致变活性.     

马钢煤焦化公司新回收系统的清洁生产工艺和污染控制

介绍了 A - S循环系统脱硫工艺污染控制措施及污染物消减情况     

Evaluation of recycling policies for PET bottles based on multiattribute utility indices

This study focused on waste plastic, especially the polyethylene telephthalate (PET) bottle as representative waste, which has been assigned as goods to be recycled by the Packaging Waste Recycling Law in Japan. We developed a plastic transport model which explained the entire flow of plastic from the production stage to the disposal stage within an the evaluation model of plastic recycle policy based on multiattribute utility theory. This model is designed to be used by local municipal governments in supporting the evaluation of the PET bottle recycling policy. In evaluating the plastics recycling policy, we selected indices relating to economy, ecology, and rate of resource recycling. The results indicate that when the evaluation of the material recycling policy and thermal recycling policy in the model city were characterized in terms of their economic and environmental aspects the thermal recycling policy had the highest utility within our scenario. Received: July 31, 1998 / Accepted: January 26, 1999     

生活垃圾塑料分选及利用技术研究

分析了我国城市生活垃圾的组成成分 ,阐述了对我国城市生活垃圾中的废旧塑料进行分选和资源化利用的必要性。提出了从城市生活垃圾中分选塑料和对分选出的塑料进行资源化制板的新技术 ,给出了塑料分选过程的运动参数和板材的性能参数 ,解决了垃圾破碎、缠绕、变重和塑料相容性等关键技术问题 ,制作的板材技术指标符合建筑材料的应用要求。     

渗滤液回流对准好氧填埋产气过程影响研究

依据准好氧填埋的原理,构建了大型模拟填埋场。对准好氧填埋结构渗滤液回流情况下填埋气产气过程做了跟踪监测。定期测定填埋气中的组分浓度变化,结合填埋场渗滤液水质变化进行分析。结果表明准好氧填埋条件下进行渗滤液回流有利于减轻渗滤液的排放量且不会造成NH4+-N的累积。渗滤液回流可以加快甲烷的产气速度,渗滤液回流时的甲烷浓度约为不回流时的甲烷浓度的2倍。从而可加快垃圾的稳定化进程。     

HCl emission characteristics and BP neural networks prediction in MSW/coal co-fired fluidized beds

IntroductionWiththedepletionofspaceforlandfillingofmunicipalsolidwasteandtherisingpricesforrawmaterials ,moreandmorefluidizedbedincineratorshavebeenusedtotreatMSWduetotheprimaryadvantagesofhygieniccontrol,volumereductionandenergyrecovery .BecausetheMSWhas…