粉煤灰的资源化利用与循环经济

阐述了燃煤固体产物粉煤灰的形成过程及其物理和化学特性,并对其利用潜力进行了系统评价,提出了建立粉煤灰资源化利用和发展循环经济相结合的发展模式。     

Assessment of physically-based and data-driven models to predict microbial water quality in open channels

In the present study,a physically-based hydraulic modeling tool and a data-driven approach using artificial neural networks (ANNs) were evaluated for their ability to simulate the fate and transport of microorganisms in a water system.To produce reliable data,a pipe network was constructed and a series of experiments using a fecal coliform indicator (Escherichia coli 15597) was conducted.For the physically-based model,morphological (pipe size,link length,slope,etc.) and hydraulic (flow rate) conditions were used as input variables,and for ANNs,water quality parameters (conductivity,pH,and turbidity) were used.Both approaches accurately described the fate and transport of microorganisms (physically-based model: correlation coefficient (R) in the range of 0.914 – 0.977 and ANNs: R in the range of 0.949 – 0.980),with the exception of one case at a low flow rate (q = 31.56 cm 3 /sec).This study also indicated that these approaches could be complementarily utilized to assess the vulnerability of water facilities and to establish emergency plans based on hypothetical scenarios.     

应用神经网络对地下水反硝化效果预测与验证

应用人工神经网络对生物脱氮工艺进行预测并验证。采用工艺参数如COD、NO3-N、NO2-N、DO等作为输入节点,COD、NO3-N作为输出节点。结果显示神经网络能够较好地预报出水的水质参数。出水硝酸盐和COD预测结果与试验结果符合得较好,相对误差分别在10％和5％范围内。     

废印刷电路板资源化处理技术研究进展

随着电子技术的不断发展和科技进步,电子产品更新换代速度的加快,随之产生的电子废弃物数量急剧增加。废印刷电路板作为一种电子废弃物含有一些有害的金属元素,它的随意丢弃将会对自然环境和人体健康构成威胁,因此,废印刷电路板的处理与处置成为亟待解决的问题。文章分析了废印刷电路板资源化处理的意义,介绍了国内外常用的几种处理技术,如冶金技术、机械处理技术、焚烧技术等,对目前尚未应用但很有发展前景的热解与微波处理技术也作了介绍,并对这些方法作了简要的分析与评述。     

Institutional dynamics and climate change adaptation in South Africa

Climate change is a multi-dimensional issue and in terms of adaptation numerous state and non-state actors are involved from global to national and local scales. The aim of this paper is first to analyse specific institutional networks involved in climate change predominantly at the national level in South Africa and second to determine how different stakeholders perceive their role vis-a-vis climate change adaptation. Within the South African context there is a gap in understanding and evaluating how institutional networks operate and thus the findings of this work may help inform and strengthen such relationships in the future. Results showed that few institutions fully understand the implications of adaptation and their roles and responsibilities have not yet been properly defined. Constraints relating to capacity, lack of awareness and poor information flow need to be addressed. Climate change is perceived as an important issue although problems such as poverty reduction and job creation remain national priorities. Most importantly this research has demonstrated how adaptation challenges the hierarchical manner in which government works and a more collaborative approach to climate change adaptation is needed. Adaptation needs to be mainstreamed and institutional networks need to be strengthened in order for adaptation mechanisms to be effectively implemented.

纺织印染工业循环经济发展模式的研究

针对我国纺织印染现状、环境危害、格局以及发展趋势进行说明的基础上,分析了传统纺织印染行业的循环经济改造方式和现代企业循环经济建设的发展方向,通过建立循环经济模式的纺织印染工业园,运用循环经济理念进行园区规划,提出了纺织印染工业循环经济综合评价体系,最终建立循环经济产业共生体系。建设循环经济,走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少和人力资源得到充分利用的新型工业化道路,是纺织行业实现可持续发展的必由之路,是主动应对全球化市场竞争的迫切要求,是调整产业结构的有效途径,也是提高企业核心竞争力的重要措施。     

废电池的回收利用现状及发展分析

废旧电池的随意丢弃会带来严重的环境污染以及资源的浪费,同时其回收再利用的空间也较大。目前我国在废电池的处理和回收利用上仍然存在许多问题,如何建立和健全我国的废电池回收利用机制,成为我们应当关注的重点。     

湿地水生植物的水质净化与资源化利用

介绍了湿地中水生植物的水质净化机理以及水生植物的生长、收割对水质净化效果的影响。对收获后大量水生植物的处置和资源化利用途径进行了综述,认为利用水生植物进行厌氧发酵制取清洁生物质能源是一种环保、经济、可行的方法,并探讨了水生植物成分对厌氧发酵特性的影响。     

钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径研究

水资源短缺是中国钢铁企业发展的瓶颈,大力推广节水技术对促进企业的可持续发展具有积极意义。针对中国钢铁企业生产工艺与设备普遍落后、用水量大、水循环回用率低、水资源严重浪费的用水现状,从开发利用非常规水源、推广节水型工艺技术、强化串级用水和循环用水、废水处理技术等几方面探讨了钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径,并对钢铁企业节水工作提出了几点建议。     

基于分形理论的中国原油管道网络结构研究

为深入分析全国及各区域原油管网的结构与布局,揭示其空间结构特征,论文运用分形理论的三种维数:加权长度-半径维数、分枝-半径维数和关联维数,分别从密度、连通性及通达性研究了全国及各区域原油管网。研究结果表明:全国原油管网的密度和连通性均存在明显的东西分异特征,密度自东向西呈"线状-散点"的下降形态,连通性自东向西呈"散点-线状"的升高形态,而通达性则普遍较低;对各区域来说,东北、华北和华东等东部管网除连通性较低外,其他分形指标相对较高;西北管网的密度、通达性均不如东部,而且其新疆管网的连通性数值超过2,是不正常的连通结构;华南管网的多数分形指标均低于其他地区,其管网结构雏形尚未形成。