Non-regulated water contaminants: emerging research

Those chemical pollutants that are regulated under various international, federal, and state programs represent but a small fraction of the universe of chemicals that occur in the environment as a result of both natural processes and human influence. Although the number of these targeted chemicals might be minuscule compared with the universe of both known and yet-to-be identified chemicals, an implicit assumption is that these selective lists of chemicals are responsible for the most significant share of risk with respect to environmental or economic impairment or to human health. This paper examines some of the less-discussed aspects of the background and assumptions that underlie society's relationship with chemical pollutants in water, particularly with respect to the need for a more holistic understanding of exposure and risk.     

中国废纸回收系统物质流分析与评价

构建了2017年中国废纸回收决策系统的基准模型,其中重点关注废纸非规范回收对中国国内废纸回收系统的经济效益和环境（GHG排放量）的影响.其次,对影响废纸回收系统效益的相关参数进行了灵敏度分析,最后在整合非规范回收商贩情境下对系统经济效益和GHG排放量进行了预测.结果表明：2017年中国废纸回收的经济效益约为458.3元/t,GHG排放量为901.1kgCO_2eq;规范回收率和非规范回收接受率都会对系统经济效益和改善GHG排放结构有显著影响;整合非规范回收企业以及个体回收商的情境下2030年经济效益将上升至3312.5元/t,而GHG排放量上升至942.9kgCO_2eq.并且通过情境预测发现整合非规范回收能提升规范回收率,这能有效的规范中国的废纸回收市场.     

新旧常态中国产业全碳足迹复杂网络比较

国民经济是由多个性质迥异且相互依赖产业构成的复杂系统,科学识别产业碳排放关联传导结构对于实现中国碳减排目标具有的重要理论及现实意义。为此,首先从直接和间接两个角度综合定义全碳足迹,基于能源消耗及生产服务修正直接消耗系数,创立函数改进容许性,及时更新投入产出表,夯实数据来源基础。再设计平衡性投入产出产业全碳足迹生命周期模型测算产业全碳足迹,基于WT指数法构建新旧常态中国产业全碳足迹复杂网络,继而从网络整体、节点地位、社团结构等角度分析新旧常态中国产业全碳足迹网络特征。经比较发现,构造的新旧常态中国产业全碳足迹复杂网络整体结构合理;较旧常态而言,新常态产业全碳足迹联系更为紧密,核心关键产业控制影响力更强,社团结构则总体保持稳定。在此基础上,提出综合衡量产业全碳足迹、全面顾及个体及整体特征、重点关注核心关键节点和充分考虑产业社团特征的对策建议,以求更有效提升新常态中国产业协同减排效率。     

Particulates and carbon monoxide pollution on production floor of steel recycling plant

For this study, particulates or particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels were monitored at different sections on the production floor of a scrap metal recycling factory. A Met‐One GT331 dust monitor and A Toxi‐Rae gas monitor were used to measure PM and CO concentrations, respectively. The 24‐hr averaging period concentrations of particulate matter having diameters of 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter having diameters of 10 microns or less in diameter (PM₁₀), and total suspended particulates (TSP) within the plant ranged between 8.3 and 50.4 μg/m³, 12.0 and 151.3 μg/m³, and 30.0 and 285.0 μg/m³, respectively, while the maximum 8‐hr concentration of CO within the plant was 20.5 parts per million (ppm). The United States’ Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) limits for PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and CO were exceeded only in the area around the furnace. Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank statutory limit for TSP were also exceeded in the area around the furnace. Toxicity potentials (TP) of the investigated pollutants were greater than 1.0 around the furnace, indicating that work spaces in proximity to the furnace could expose workers to adverse health conditions.     

Safeguarding Wetlands and Their Connections within Wetlandscapes to Improve Conservation Outcomes for Threatened Amphibian Species

Wetlands should not be considered as independent objects but as dynamically connected objects, collectively known as wetlandscapes. We developed a framework that analyzes the influences of wetland suitability and connectivity on amphibian distributions. We defined two indices: a Wetland Suitability Index describing wetland quality and a Movement Permeability Index characterizing wetland connectivity for amphibian population dynamics. These indices were calculated from raster datasets and time‐varying inundation estimates. The indices were used to define a wetlandscape and an amphibian model was used to simulate population dynamics within the wetlandscape. The framework was applied to the Nose Creek watershed, a highly modified wetlandscape in Alberta, Canada. Two amphibian species were selected with different habitat preferences: the Northern Leopard Frog that prefers wet habitats and has high mobility over land, and the Great Plains Toad that prefers terrestrial habitats and has low mobility over land. We found each amphibian species had a “preferred” wetlandscape, reflecting their life cycle traits and migration strategies which in turn were dependent on the hydrological and ecological connections within the wetlandscape. This study highlights the importance of investigating both individual wetlands and the wetlandscape and considering both wetland habitat quality and connectivity as non‐substitutable properties that act jointly, but differently, on population dynamics.     

Self‐monitoring personality trait at work: An integrative narrative review and future research directions

In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the self‐monitoring literature as it applies to the workplace context. Our starting point to the review is a meta‐analysis of self‐monitoring literature published in 2002 by Day, Schleicher, Unckless, and Hiller. After providing an overview of the theoretical basis of self‐monitoring and its measurement, we present a summary of the broad literature on self‐monitoring to examine the implications of self‐monitoring for employees and organizations. Based on our review, we identify the main outcomes of self‐monitoring as well as findings of the literature treating self‐monitoring as a moderator. We provide evidence that self‐monitoring has potential downsides, which would benefit from further investigation. We conclude our review by identifying important potential future research directions.     

压裂返排液循环使用技术综述

综述了传统处理方法和深度处理方法两大类压裂返排液处理方法的特点和处理效率。介绍了对氧化破胶的压裂返排液和非氧化破胶的压裂返排液进行处理的方法和机理,以及返排液循环使用效果和性能检测的标准。指出研发含有高分子聚合物稠化剂的返排液循环使用工艺、高效便捷的压裂返排液循环使用工艺和新型可循环使用的压裂液体系等将是未来压裂返排液循环使用的发展方向。     

基于贝叶斯理论的武器装备质量评估方法研究

目的面对不断变化的未来不确定战场环境,在有限资源和技术水平下,提出一种有效的武器装备质量评估方法。方法将专家调查法与贝叶斯网络法相结合,用专家调查法对装备整体质量的重要度进行描述,在科学选取装备质量指标的基础上,利用贝叶斯网络的推理功能估算装备质量变化情况,构建基于贝叶斯网络的武器装备质量评估模型。结果该方法评价过程中减少了主观因素的影响,准确性较高。结论该方法发挥了专家调查法对于模糊信息的定量判断能力,突出了贝叶斯网络方法处理非线性关系及预测和诊断的能力,有利于对装备质量做出科学合理的评估。     

宁波杭州湾新区河网水动力及水质数值模拟研究

针对杭州湾新区水环境污染较重的现状,采用MIKE11软件构建新区河网的一维水动力——水质耦合模型,在此基础上研究分析了现状及远期规划排污条件下河网水质分布.结果表明:河道内水体流动较弱,不利于污染物迁移扩散,污水处理厂排出的处理水对排污口周围的河道的水质影响范围和程度均较大,叠加本底浓度后许多区域超过了Ⅴ类水质标准.最后提出了针对性措施以改善新区河网水质.     

Evaluation of Satellite‐Derived Rainfall Data for Multiple Physio‐Climatic Regions in the Santiago River Basin,Mexico

Assessment of water resources requires reliable rainfall data, and rain gauge networks may not provide adequate spatial representation due to limited point measurements. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) provides rainfall data at global scale, and has been used with good results. However, TRMM data are an indirect measurement of rainfall, and therefore must be validated for its proper use. In this work, a validation scheme was designed and implemented to compare the TRMM Version 7 (V7) monthly rainfall product at different time frames with data measured in two hydrologic subregions of the Santiago River Basin (SRB) in Mexico: Río Alto Santiago and Río Bajo Santiago (RBS). Additionally, three physio‐climatic regions provide an assessment of the interplay of topography, distance from coastal regions, and seasonal weather patterns on the correspondence between both datasets. The TRMM V7 rainfall product exhibited good agreement with the rain gauge data particularly for the RBS and for the whole SRB during wettest summer and autumn seasons. However, strong regional dependence was observed due to differences in climate and topography. Overall, in spite of some noted underestimations, the monthly TRMM V7 rainfall product was found to provide useful information that can be used to complement limited monitoring as is the case of RBS. An improved combined rainfall product could be generated and thus gaining the most benefits from both data sources.