环境保护为国有企业改革与发展服务的对策措施

国有企业是我国国民经济、社会发展和环境保护、可持续发展的重要载体。对国有企业改革和发展对环境保护产生的积极作用及其影响和挑战作了分析。提出加强环境保护为国有企业改革和发展服务的对策措施。     

对环境监测系统体制改革的几点思考

应坚持“环境监测实质上是一项政府行为”的定位，通过明确职能、职责、作用，实行新的运行管理机制，来推动环境监测在市场经济条件 下的体制改革。     

对"以评促建、重在建设"的若干探索与实践

本文在认识与理解"以评促建、重在建设"原则的基础上,通过对迎评指标体系中"教学建设与改革"部分的学习和探索,总结出进行教学建设与改革的若干关键问题即思想观念要先行,管理理念要转变;紧抓专业建设这一龙头,适时调整人才培养方案,在制定毕业生质量标准的前提下,构建高职教育学生职业能力培养的三维体系;深化课程改革,在进行课程整合的基础上,加强课程教学的基本条件建设,积极探索课程教学内容、方法的改革和考核方式的改革.     

Can a water market avert the “double-whammy” of trade reform and lead to a “win–win” outcome?

This paper focuses on the linkages between water and trade policies, using Morocco as a case. This country is typical of many in that policy protects its import competing agricultural and industrial sectors while water in irrigated agriculture is priced below its marginal value product. Changing water policy without correcting for these other distortions leads to a more inefficient allocation of water. On the other hand, reforming trade policy alone can make farmers growing crops protected pre-reform worse off. Using an intertemporal, applied general equilibrium model, we find that trade reform actually creates an opportunity to pursue water policy reform. Creating a water user-rights market post trade reform not only compensates for the decline in farmers’ profits caused by the trade reform, but also raises the efficiency of water allocation and hence benefits the economy as a whole.     

美国高等职业教育的特点

美国职业教育立法具有阶段性、可操作性、科学性和先行性;高中后为非义务大学教育,包括综合性或研究型大学、普通本科大学和社区学院．社区学院主要承担高等职业教育,实行联邦政府引导、州政府和地方政府分级管理,重心是地方管理;职业教育改革的基本理论主要有人力资本理论和批判理论;形成了形式多样、多维交叉的办学格局,培养目标明确,强调技艺和操作技能,培养中级技术员;人才规格是“5种能力和3种素质”;课程体系包括普通课程、职业课程与学术课程,课程设置具有高度灵活多样和应用性;课程改革主要形式有合作学习、课程整合和STW课程框架;教师任职资格的标准很高,对教师管理非常严格,实行教师资格证书制;产教合作又称为“合作职业教育”,包括以雇主为基础的模式、收办学校模式和学习与就业连结模式;经费来源渠道主要是当地财产税、州政府拨款、联邦政府资助和学生学费．     

新工科、工程教育专业认证双背景下课程教学改革研究——以《工业通风》为例

课程教学改革是培养满足新工科人才能力要求、工程教育专业认证毕业要求的关键环节。以安全工程专业《工业通风》课程为例,分析其在教学中存在的问题,并且从课程内容体系、教学方法以及课程考核3个方面进行改革:绘制基于课程内容体系的思维导图,采用多种授课方式相结合的教学方式,设计能力训练项目以进行教学改革,同时,提出了课程考核改革的基本方法。分析显示,以新工科、工程教育专业认证基本要求为出发点设计教学改革项目,有利于学生能力培养。     

Emissions trading systems with cap adjustments

Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) with fixed caps lack provisions to address systematic imbalances in the supply and demand of permits due to changes in the state of the regulated economy. We propose a mechanism which adjusts the allocation of permits based on the current bank of permits. The mechanism spans the spectrum between a pure quantity instrument and a pure price instrument. We solve the firms׳ emissions control problem and obtain an explicit dependency between the key policy stringency parameter—the adjustment rate—and the firms׳ abatement and trading strategies. We present an analytical tool for selecting the optimal adjustment rate under both risk-neutrality and risk-aversion, which provides an analytical basis for the regulator׳s choice of a responsive ETS policy.     

污水处理场氮磷投加系统的技术改造

分析了茂名乙烯污水处理场氮磷投加系统存在的问题，介绍了实践中解决问题的方法和取得的成效。     

Population Ageing and Sustainable Development Research in China

Abstract

According to the United Nations population projections, the population of the elderly is expected to roughly triple in China from 2000 to 2050, particularly when the generations who were born between the 1950s and 1970s move through the age structure, and also because people are living longer and fertility rates have fallen, population aging is expected to put pressure on government's fiscal balance through higher old-age security benefits and health-care expenditures. This work draws together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on a computable dynamic general equilibrium model with an overlapping generation structure. Further analysis using model simulation illustrates that the alternative schemes for the benefit rate, retirement age and technological progress are likely to be beneficial, and that an obvious slow-down in the growth of living standards is likely to be avoided.     

国土空间用途管制的改革逻辑及其规划响应路径

在完善生态文明制度体系、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的宏观背景下,系统梳理土地用途管制制度起源、实施特点、成效与不足,重点解析土地用途管制向国土空间用途管制转型的改革逻辑及其对国土空间规划的具体要求,为完善国土空间规划体系提供借鉴。研究结果表明：（1）土地用途管制制度突出强调对耕地的保护,以新增建设用地为主要管控对象,建立了土地用途分类—规划—计划—审批—监管的完整管控链条,在保护耕地、保障粮食安全、倒逼节约集约用地和提高依法依规用地意识等方面取得了较好成效,但仍存在覆盖范围不全、管制刚性过强、生态用地管制乏力等不足。（2）国土空间用途管制以生态文明建设为逻辑起点,通过单一地类保护向空间统筹转型、地类管制向空间管控转型、指标传导为主向指标与分区相结合转型、底线约束向约束与引导并重转型,构建面向全过程、多样化的管制规则体系,完善空间传导机制,进而实现所有国土空间全要素统一管制。（3）面对国土空间用途管制的时代需求,国土空间规划改革应在系统性、整体性的规划管控指标体系、覆盖全域、上下衔接的规划分区体系、底线约束与激励引导相结合的规划实施弹性机制以及“全链条”管理机制等方面做出积极响应,进而实现不同层级国土空间规划和用途管制的统筹协调管控。