Dilemmas of regional planning in Hungary

The author provides an account of Hungarian regional policy and planning during the last 40 years, describing a socialist state trying to escape from a centrally planned economy. The paper discusses the consequences of the reforms and the problems of conflict resolution which resulted. The author argues that central planning will continue to be necessary in the future, and that there is a need to strengthen the co‐ordinative role of regional plans.     

Interlaboratory variability of amphipod sediment toxicity tests in a cooperative regional monitoring program

Marine sediment toxicity tests are widely applied in monitoring programs, yet relatively little is known about the comparability of data from different laboratories. The need for comparability information is increased in cooperative monitoring programs, where multiple laboratories (often with variable skill levels) perform toxicity tests. An interlaboratory comparison exercise was conducted among seven laboratories in order to document the comparability of sediment toxicity measurements during the Bight'98 regional sediment survey in southern California. Sediments from four stations in Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors were tested using a 10-day survival test of the amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. All laboratories successfully performed the sediment test and associated reference toxicant test. Statistically significant differences were found in mean amphipod survival rates among some laboratories for the field-collected sediments, but there was little evidence of a consistent bias among laboratories. Although the reference toxicant test indicated a five-fold variation in test sensitivity among laboratories, these results were not accurate predictors of interlaboratory performance for the sediment tests. The laboratories demonstrated excellent concordance (Kendall's W = 0.91) in ranking the field-collected sediments by toxicity. Agreement on classifying the sediments into categories (nontoxic, moderately toxic, and highly toxic) based upon the percent of survival was best for highly toxic sediments. An analysis of test precision based upon the variance among replicates within a test indicated that the measured survival rate for a sample may vary by up to 12 percentage points from the actual response.     

温室效应对我国长江中下游地区气候的影响--数值模拟

利用RegCM2区域气候模式嵌套一个全球模式,进行了CO2加倍情况下对中国区域气候影响的数值试验,对长江中下游地区的情况进行了重点分析.结果表明,在CO2加倍的情况下,长江中下游地区的气温将明显升高,升高值一般在2.3～2.5℃以上,但低于全国平均值.同时,其大部分区域的降水也将增加,特别是在冬季和夏季,但年平均的增加率仅为7%,也低于全国平均值.温室效应会使该地区的日平均最高和最低气温升高,降水日数增多.夏季降水的增多可能会导致这一地区夏季更多的洪涝灾害.     

中国居民潜在国内出游力的区域差异

运用因子分析法对中国居民潜在国内出游力的区域差异作了分析,得出影响国内居民出游力的因子包括区域经济发展水平与增长能力、区域居民收入和经济发展的外向性、行业从业结构、区域经济发展活力4个主要因子,并利用聚类分析法将中国居民潜在的国内出游力划分为5个层次.     

Residential environmental evaluation of local cities considering regional characteristic and personal residential preference-a case study of Saga City, Japan

Questionnaire surveys and subjective evaluations on residential environment were performed in order to grasp the main factors of residential environment of small local cities. The suitable evaluation index system was established, and the regional residential environment characteristics and personal residential preference types were analyzed, so that their influence on residential environment evaluation could be grasped. The results can be applied to the residential environment planning, construction and monitoring of local cities.     

流域保护区域协同立法的功能定位与规范进路

《长江保护法》《黄河保护法》为长江、黄河流域的区域协同立法提供了法律依据,在流域保护区域协同立法“入法”后,需要明晰其权力空间与运行规则,提升其科学化、规范化水平。流域保护区域协同立法在本质上仍属于地方立法,是功能主义进路下解决跨行政区域流域保护难题的一种选择,是流域整体性保护的立法回应。就其功能而言,具有落实国家立法确立的流域保护整体目标的实施性功能,以地方合作为中心,解决那些通过单独地方立法难以解决的跨行政区域地方性流域保护问题的协调性、自主性、创新性功能。在此基础上,应当通过明晰其立法层级,建立地方立法规划协同机制,改、废、释的协同机制,交叉备案与后评估机制,深化公众参与机制,完善流域保护区域协同立法的运行规则。     

基于EEMs和DOM分离的荧光特征及DBPsFP研究 ——以南方某市水源水为例

以南方某市饮用水源地源水为研究对象,利用三维荧光-区域积分法(3D-EEMs-FRI)和DAX-8树脂富集分离技术,研究了水样各组分的溶解性有机物(DOM)组成特征、三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)特征;采用生成潜能测试,考察了典型消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤代乙酰胺(HAcAms)生成势以及其与水质指标和荧光强度...     

区域大气污染防治管理系统建设需求分析

区域大气污染防治管理系统是生态环境保护信息化工程(《"十二五"国家政务信息化工程建设规划》中规划的国家级信息系统之一)项目建设的重要内容之一.本文对区域大气污染防治管理系统的建设需求进行了分析,系统针对大尺度的区域性大气环境质量问题,紧密结合国务院"大气污染防治行动计划"的目标任务要求,开展数据调度与综合分析等功能的建设,旨在通过数据分析提高重点区域大气环境质量状况与污染成因的评估能力,通过情景模拟与模型运算为区域大气污染治理措施的制定与动态调整提供定量化数据支持.系统的建设与实施将有望成为国家大气污染防治领域跨部门数据共享与交换的基础工程,为区域大气污染防治工作提供有力的信息化技术支撑.     

长江三角洲地区春季臭氧异常高值的数值模拟研究

已有的观测与研究表明,长江三角洲地区春季的臭氧浓度为全年最高,且高浓度臭氧出现的频率也最高.采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)的区域大气质量模式(CMAQ)研究长江三角洲地区2000年5月一次臭氧异常高值事件.与地面观测资料的对比分析表明,该模式基本再现了臭氧及其前体物的变化趋势.通过个例分析,从物理和化学两方面解释了2000年5月11日佘山、嘉兴和临安均观测到高浓度臭氧的原因.模拟结果表明,气象场对区域空气污染分布形式起着至关重要的作用,同时也反应了在适当的风场作用下,上海地区的污染源可以对长江三角洲地区的空气质量造成很大影响.      

区域电网火电厂对水环境影响评价指标研究

区域电网内所有火电厂对区域水环境影响评价指标是进行区域火电厂规划环评的基础.通过对区域电网内火电厂对区域水环境影响的共性研究,提出了区域电网内火电厂取水影响、排水影响和水污染物影响3项评价指标;在此基础上利用和积法计算各指标的权重,依据权重求得区域水环境综合影响评价指标.评价指标在华东电网火电厂区域水环境影响评价中进行了应用,结果表明,华东电网火电厂对区域水环境的影响程度由大到小依次为黄浦江、太湖、巢湖、淮河、长江和钱塘江.