AN ANALYSIS OF REGION‐OF‐INFLUENCE METHODS FOR FLOOD REGIONALIZATION IN THE GULF‐ATLANTIC ROLLING PLAINS1

ABSTRACT: Region‐of‐influence (RoI) approaches for estimating stream flow characteristics at ungaged sites were applied and evaluated in a case study of the 50‐year peak discharge in the Gulf‐Atlantic Rolling Plains of the southeastern United States. Linear regression against basin characteristics was performed for each ungaged site considered based on data from a region of influence containing the n closest gages in predictor variable (PRoI) or geographic (GRoI) space. Augmentation of this count based cutoff by a distance based cutoff also was considered. Prediction errors were evaluated for an independent (split‐sampled) dataset. For the dataset and metrics considered here: (1) for either PRoI or GRoI, optimal results were found when the simpler count based cutoff, rather than the distance augmented cutoff, was used; (2) GRoI produced lower error than PRoI when applied indiscriminately over the entire study region; (3) PRoI performance improved considerably when Rol was restricted to predefined geographic subregions.     

湖北区域旅游空间发展模式与战略布局

对区域旅游及其空间增长规律作了总结,根据湖北旅游业发展的现实基础和所面临的市场竞争形势,指出湖北旅游业发展应该走区域一体化战略模式,并通过点状开发、线状开发和网状开发形成一批能奠定湖北旅游形象,构建网络格局的中心旅游城市、品牌旅游线路和旅游局域网.根据该模式发展的要求,提出大武汉都市旅游区、鄂西南大三峡与民俗风情旅游区、鄂西北武当文化与山岳生态旅游区的布局,将武汉、宜昌和十堰(武当山)作为引导未来湖北旅游发展的三大支撑点来建设的思路.     

基于绿色管理的区域生态旅游四体管理模式研究

我国生态旅游已蓬勃发展起来,但"重开发,轻管理;重眼前,轻长远"的不良现象仍十分严重,由于管理不当致使生态旅游遭到了严重的损害。对生态旅游进行绿色管理是十分必要的,因为生态旅游和绿色管理的目的是一致的。分析了区域生态旅游绿色管理的特征,从区域生态旅游系统出发,利用绿色管理的理论和方法分别对生态旅游主体、客体、中介体和载体的管理进行了阐述。     

新时期我国区域协调发展进展研究

近年来，随着我国社会和经济改革的逐渐深入，区域协调发展问题日益凸现和发展，成为制约我国社会和经济进一步发展的瓶颈。综述了我国新时期区域协调发展的主要研究进展，展望了地理学在这一领域的发展趋势。     

An algebraic/graphical tool to compare ecosystems with respect to their pollution V: cluster analysis and Hasse diagrams

In case of large data matrices comparative evaluations of objects/regions with the technique of Hasse diagrams may be troublesome due to a messy system of lines in the graphical representation. Here fuzzy clustering leads to useful simplifications because regions with slightly different pollution pattern are grouped together. However, fuzzy clustering implies to introduce a threshold value for the membership of an object to a cluster and to select the best number of clusters. Therefore many arbitrarities evolve. Within the systematic study presented here we found that some objects are very stable against variations of the threshold value and the number of cluster whereas other objects behaves different. According to their behaviour we investigated a classification of the objects. Formal Concept Analysis shows that in some cases specific pollution pattern imply the membership to one of these classes. For example objects which are characterized by high Pb-, Zn-concentration and moderate S-concentration imply a high stability against variants of the clustering process. Further implications are described in the paper.     

An Environmental Application of Regional Geochemical Mapping in Understanding Enzootic Geophagia of Calves in the Reivilo Area, South Africa

A specific enzootic form of geophagia (the deliberate ingestion of soil) occurs in young cattle and sheep in restricted areas of the Barkley-West, Postmasburg and Vryburg Districts of the Northern Cape- and North West Provinces of the Republic of South Africa. It results in severe, subacute to chronic hepatitis and jaundice, with a high mortality rate in untreated cases. An association between the disease and high concentrations of manganese in soils was shown since all the affected farms are situated on outcrops of the Reivilo Formation of the Campbell Rand Subgroup, which consists mainly of manganiferous dolomite. Furthermore high concentrations of manganese were found in the analysis of liver specimens from affected calves and the characteristic microscopic pathological changes in the liver could be induced experimentally in a calf and lamb by oral administration of manganese sulphate. The highest incidence of geophagia occurs at 7 to 14 days, whereas calves older than about 2 months are rarely affected. The symptoms usually start with intermittent, progressive geophagia, followed by constipation, dehydration and death within ca. 7–10 days in untreated cases. Young calves and lambs display an insatiable appetite for soil and sometimes lick iron poles. The treatment of calves by the parenteral injection of commercial iron-dextran- and vitamin B₁₂ preparations at 1 to 2 days after birth, and at 14 days of age, at the registered therapeutic doses, appeared to have a marked preventative effect on the occurrence of geophagia and its complications. Regional geochemical maps show a northeast–southwest trending anomaly in MnO, Zn and Pb, visually correlating with the distribution of the affected farms. Anomalously high distributions of Pb and Zn are also spatially related to the Pering (Pb,Zn) Mine. In this study, two farms were selected for comparative purposes. Gam, a farm situated on the Reivilo Formation of the Campbellrand Subgroup was chosen where a high incidence of geophagia occurred, as well as the farm Holpan on the Lyttelton Formation of the Malmani Subgroup where the problem was not known to be present. The farm Holpan was chosen as a control area, and is situated close to an old manganese mine on dolomite with a high MnO content. Geographically, Holpan is situated in an area with a high rainfall, with leaching and the formation of deep red soils on the dolomite, together with a hilly relief and low soil pH_{H 2 O}. Gam is situated in an area with lower rainfall, where precipitation would be less than evapotranspiration. The dolomite of the Malmani Subgroup and the Reivilo Formation are significantly different in their soil geochemistry. The MnO, Fe₂O₃ ^T and Co contents are significantly higher in the soils of the Malmani Subgroup than in the Reivilo Formation. The MnO, Zn and Pb contents on Gam are higher than on Holpan, whereas the Fe₂O₃ ^T and Co contents are lower. Soil on Holpan contains iron-minerals such as haematite, while no iron minerals were detected in the soils of Gam. The concretions, found in the soils on both farms, differs remarkably in iron-contents. Concretions on both farms have similar high concentrations of MnO, whereas the FeO content are low for the concretions on Gam and high for Holpan. Preliminary comparative analytical results of the colostrum, sampled from cows with new born calves within three days of birth, do not entirely reflect the soil geochemistry of the different farms. Whereas the soils on Gam have higher MnO, Zn and Pb, and lower Fe₂O₃ ^T and Co than Holpan, the colostrum produced on Gam has lower Mn, Fe and Co than on Holpan. The Pb and Zn concentrations in the colostrum on both farms do not differ significantly. The comparative regional geochemical soil data, together with the colostrum data, suggest that young calves on the farm Gam probably suffer from Fe and Co deficiency. Conversely, it was illustrated that the Fe and Co content in the soils are high and the Fe is abundant in the concretions on the farm Holpan. These findings, together with the apparent absence of geophagia at Holpan, as well as the observed effect of iron and cobalt supplementation in the prevention of geophagia on the farm Gam, suggests an association of geophagia with iron and cobalt deficiencies on the farm Gam.     

转型时期江苏省区域经济差异的分析与检验

区域经济差异一直是理论研究的热点问题，但不同的研究者对区域经济差异的研究时常会得出不同的结论，这往往是由于没有区分经济指标中的生计指标与产出指标所引起的。本文以不变价格实证分析了改革开放以来，江苏省13个行政区域间人均生计指标与产出指标的差异和相对差异的变迁趋势，并对“地区差异变动之悖论”进行了实证检验。     

论自然资源的合理开发与环境管理

本文论述了自然资源开发建设项目的分类,区域资源综合开发的指导原则,自然资源开发与环境影响评价以及生态监测等内容,建议资源主管部门、开发建设单位与环保部门,齐抓共管寓保护于开发之中,使二者协调进行。     

GIS技术在瓦斯动力灾害预测中的应用

GIS系统是一种重要的空间信息系统,可以采集、存贮、管理、描述和分析与空间和地理分布相关的数据,适时地提供多种空间和地貌的信息.本文结合平顶山矿区的生产实际,将GIS技术引入煤与瓦斯突出区域的预测中,建立相应的信息管理系统,提高了信息处理水平.