GIS技术在瓦斯动力灾害预测中的应用

GIS系统是一种重要的空间信息系统,可以采集、存贮、管理、描述和分析与空间和地理分布相关的数据,适时地提供多种空间和地貌的信息.本文结合平顶山矿区的生产实际,将GIS技术引入煤与瓦斯突出区域的预测中,建立相应的信息管理系统,提高了信息处理水平.     

新世纪WTO与外向型经济下的区际资源优化--以山东省为例

为缓解加入WTO对我国农业带来的冲击,顺利实现外向型农业经济的转变,以山东省为例,借助Mapinfo 6.5和SPSSV 10.0软件分别从宏观总量和微观效率两个层次对1999年山东省17个市(地)的农业状况进行了差异分析,根据比较优势原理提出了区域资源区际优化的解决思路和对策,为今后我国区域农业发展提供借鉴.     

城市房屋震害的区域分析法--与点特征判据算法的对比研究

根据高分辨率遥感影像震害房屋的基本特征,提出在该影像条件下,震害房屋信息的自动获取技术应发展以区域分析为基础的识别算法,并给出了适于震害房屋信息获取的区域分析算法的基本概念、框架及实现过程.在此基础上,介绍了一种典型的区域分析框架下的震害房屋自动识别算法,并与点特征判据算法进行了对比.结果表明,基于图像区域分析算法的识别具有很高的精度和易于实现的客观条件.最后指出,在高分辨率卫星遥感影像将成为今后震害信息获取主要数据源的情况下,开发区域分析框架下的震害房屋信息识别算法是未来的发展方向.     

浅论区域开发环境影响评价的指标体系

论述了区域开发环境影响评价应建立能反映环境可持续性和跨边界性的指标体系，提出了建立该指标体系的原则与方法。     

论中国区域开发战略与人口,资源及环境的协调发展

中国在均衡与非均衡的区域开发战略的实施过程中,由于对环境的影响作用重视不够,生态环境受到很大的影响。中国未来区域开发面临着人口、资源、生态环境的严峻挑战。本文主要探讨了在未来的区域开发过程中,如何实现区域开发与人口、资源及环境的协调发展,从而实现可持续发展的目标。     

Substitutability, experience, and the value disparity: evidence from the marketplace

Recent empirical evidence suggests that important disparities exist between willingness to pay and compensation demanded for the same good. These results, which clearly contradict closely held economic doctrines, have led some influential commentators to call for an entirely new economic paradigm to displace conventional neoclassical theory. This study examines the generality of these experimental findings by going to a well-functioning marketplace and examining more than 350 individual decisions across two incentive-compatible elicitation mechanisms. The data suggest that behavior of individuals with intense experience approaches neoclassical predictions: any observed WTA/WTP disparity amongst this group is negligible.     

USING CROP YIELD AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RELATIONS FOR REGIONAL WATER REQUIREMENT ESTIMATION1

ABSTRACT: Values of dry biomass of corn, sugarcane, sorghum, rice, taro, millet, cotton, cowpeas, soybeans, and velvet beans as related to the evapotranspiration (ET) were studied. The linear regression model was sufficiently accurate to establish the crop dry biomass and ET relations. A water-use efficiency index (WUE), which is defined as the additional crop dry biomass per unit ET, is used in this study. The WUE were grouped into high, medium, and low categories. The WUE varied from greater than 35 kg ha^-1/mm for the high category, between 15 and 35 kg ha^-1/mm for the medium category, and less than 15 kg ha^-1/mm for the low category. Application of the established model to the Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida, showed that the regional El can be predicted from the known regional crop yields. The crop yield and ET relations could be used as a potential tool to improve water resources planning and management practices for crop production.     

GENERATION OF SYNTHETIC AND MISSING CLIMATIC DATA FOR PUERTO RICO1

ABSTRACT: Climatic data such as temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed have been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration. Moat of the solar radiation data and portions of the relative humidity data are either not available or missing from the records in Puerto Rico. Depending upon the availability and data characteristics of records, three methods (including a regression technique, an averaging of historical data, and a regional average) were used to generate missing data, and a time series analysis was used to synthesize a series of climatic data. The limitations and applicability of each method are discussed. The results showed that the time series analysis method can be successfully used to synthesize a series of monthly solar radiations for several stations. The regression technique and the regional average can be successfully applied to generate missing monthly solar radiation data. The regression technique and the averaging of historical data have been satisfactorily used to interpolate missing monthly relative humidity. The explained variance (R²) varied from 0.68 to 0.88, which are both significant at the 0.05 level of significance.     

GENERALIZED SKEW COEFFICIENTS OF ANNUAL FLOODS FOR LOUISIANA STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: A generalized skew map for Louisiana streams was developed using data from Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas with 20 or more years of annual flood records. A comparison between the newly developed Louisiana Generalized Skew Map (LGSM) and the generalized skew map recommended by the U.S. Water Resources Council (WRCGSM) was performed. The mean square error for the LGSM was 16 percent less than that of WRCGSM in direct application of the two maps. Performance of the new map was compared with the WRCGSM and with a regional analysis procedure through its application to the Log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distribution. Two-thirds of the stations tested had lower standardized root mean square deviations (SRMSD) by a narrow margin using the skew coefficients obtained from LGSM instead of WRCGSM. The regional analysis also performed as well as the LGSM in terms of SRMSD. Thus, it was concluded that both LGSM and the regional analysis provide a more reliable tool for flood frequency analysis for Louisiana streams with short annual flood records.     

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REGIONAL SEWERAGE SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A few years ago, many water quality administrators were convinced that large regional sewerage systems, consisting of one large treatment plant and long trunk sewers extending out to various communities, represented the only efficient and economical means of assuring water quality control. In communities favoring rapid development, the provision of sewer service and encouragement of development of new centers along the trunk sewers offered an additional advantage. More recently quite different points of view are arising in certain areas. In parts of New Jersey strong environmental and community resistance has arisen to proposed central plant-trunk sewer systems. The facilitation of new development along the trunk sewers is viewed as a menace by townships not wanting intensive development of these areas. The diversion of effluent flows to trunk sewers rather than septic tanks would dry up the streams which water quality programs are supposed to protect. Both sides to the controversy have mobilized engineering, environmental, economic, and legal expertise and some critical policy issues have developed. Reconsideration of regional sewerage management and particularly trunk sewer policy is required. The decision as to extent of sewerage service areas involves complex and sensitive planning issues. Because of potential conflicts of interest, such decisions should not be left to staffs of sewerage authorities and their design engineers.