发展环境和谐企业文化的思考和实施策略

发展环境和谐企业文化,是促使环境文化实现整体化、连续化、全面化、系统化的关键.它的建立,将使三大环境主体(政府、企业和公众)均处于环境文化的作用之下,将极大地推进环境文化的统一和实践作用的发挥.着重论述了企业环境和谐文化的定义,环境和谐企业文化的功能,和发展这种文化的相关策略.     

大连港专用矿石码头污水处理工程设计

采用沉砂、序批调节沉淀及浅层介质过滤的物化组合方式处理大连港专用矿石码头洗矿污水,介绍了各处理构筑物、运行参数.运行结果表明,用该法处理洗矿污水,其出水水质可达<生活杂用水水质标准>(CJ25.1-89)中绿化用水标准(其中悬浮物不大于10 mg/L).     

交通安全管理应对城乡交通一体化建设对策分析——以阜阳城区交通为例

以阜阳为例,分析城乡交通一体化建设给阜阳城区交通安全管理带来的挑战,通过对阜阳市城区路网结构、交通参与者的交通安全意识和交通安全管理压力3个方面的实地调查,得出传统交通管理模式已不能满足城乡交通一体化建设带来的新交通形势需要的结论。在借鉴国外发达国家交通安全管理对策的基础上,提出应对城乡交通一体化建设的交通安全管理策略:挖掘路网潜能治理混合交通策略、城乡交通一体化建设针对性管理策略和发展智能交通系统实现交通安全管理升级策略,使交通安全管理能够有效应对城乡一体化建设带来的各种挑战。     

A bioeconomic model of afforestation in Southern Ontario: Integration of fiber,carbon and municipal biosolids values

This study explores the economic attractiveness of afforestation as a strategy for the joint production of fibre, carbon storage and biosolids (treated municipal sewage sludge) disposal for municipalities in Southern and Central Ontario, Canada. We use a spatial, stochastic model, the Canadian Forest Service Afforestation Feasibility Model (CFS-AFM), to simulate a range of spatial biosolids application scenarios in hybrid poplar afforestation projects. Results suggest that such joint afforestation strategies could be financially attractive. Significant cost savings can be expected through decreases in transportation distances and avoided waste disposal fees. Sensitivity analysis is used to examine the effects of variations in critical model parameters on net present values. Our findings indicate that waste disposal savings from application of biosolids on hybrid poplar plantations combined with incentives for landowners to sequester carbon can easily compete with agricultural land rental values in some regions of Ontario. Social acceptance of this kind of activity, however, may be an impediment to adoption.     

高寒草甸藏嵩草种群繁殖对策的研究

对高寒草甸藏嵩草（Kobresia tibetica)种群的繁殖对策进行了初步研究。结果表明,藏嵩草属寒冷中生密丛短根茎地下芽植物,在高寒生境中采用了以营养繁殖为主,有性繁殖为辅的繁殖策略,具体体现在以几个方面：藏嵩草种子产量nA=200.1m^-2,但种子萌发率较低,室内和野外萌发率分别仅有4％和2％,经氢氧化钠溶液和赤霉素溶液处理后的种子萌发率分别为1％和6．7％,而剥去种皮后种子萌发率达47．3％,所以种皮坚硬是造成种子萌发率低的主要原因;进入种子库、保留至返青期且具有活性的种子仅占种子总数的31．49％,单位面积上理论实生苗数仅为1．26m^-2,与此相反,藏嵩草营养繁殖所形成的新个体数为101．32m^2,,远远多于种子萌发所形成的实生苗数,此外,藏嵩草营养繁殖效力也远高于有性繁殖效4力。营养繁殖效力占总数繁殖效力的83．46％（167）。表1参7     

湖南省境内长江中上游防护林体系建设第一期工程的进展

长江中上游防护林建设第一期工程1990年在湖南省境内启动实施以来,先后在全省33个县(市、区)开展了工作,共完成投资22 284.8万元,重点造林工程项目主要采取人工植苗造林、低效林改造、封山育林和幼林抚育等 4种方式,在整个长江防护林建设工程过程中始终坚持良种壮苗技术的推广和造林树种选择及其造林技术的研究。长江防护林建设重点工程占43.84%,一般营造林占56.16%;该建设工程获得的生态效益总计达到51 980.87万元,直接经济效益共计706 283.63万元,为社会提供了43.6万个劳动力一年就业岗位,文末还指出了该建设工程中存在的5个方面问题及3项对策。     

土壤中氧化亚氮的产生及减少排放量的措施

氧化亚氮（N2O）是大气中的一种痕量气体,也是一种重要的温室效应气体,还可使臭氧层遭到破坏。大气中N2O浓度呈不断上升趋势,其上升与人类活动关系极大,对环境的潜在破坏性也愈加严重。土壤是N2O的重要产生源,土壤中的硝化作用和反硝化作用是N2O的主要生成过程。过量施用氮肥、含氮有机物燃烧、毁林开荒等人类活动对N2O释放增加的影响不容忽视。人类应采取各项可行的措施来减少N2O的释放量如提高氮肥利用效率,减少生物体燃烧,退耕还林和保护森林资源等。     

Slow recovery of tropical old‐field rainforest regrowth and the value and limitations of active restoration

There is current debate about the potential for secondary regrowth to rescue tropical forests from an otherwise inevitable cascade of biodiversity loss due to land clearing and scant evidence to test how well active restoration may accelerate recovery. We used site chronosequences to compare developmental trajectories of vegetation between self‐organized (i.e., spontaneous) forest regrowth and biodiversity plantings (established for ecological restoration, with many locally native tree species at high density) in the Australian wet tropics uplands. Across 28 regrowth sites aged 1–59 years, some structural attributes reached reference rainforest levels within 40 years, whereas wood volume and most tested components of native plant species richness (classified by species’ origins, family, and ecological functions) reached less than 50% of reference rainforest values. Development of native tree and shrub richness was particularly slow among species that were wind dispersed or animal dispersed with large (>10 mm) seeds. Many species with animal‐dispersed seeds were from near‐basal evolutionary lineages that contribute to recognized World Heritage values of the study region. Faster recovery was recorded in 25 biodiversity plantings of 1–25 years in which wood volume developed more rapidly; native woody plant species richness reached values similar to reference rainforest and was better represented across all dispersal modes; and species from near‐basal plant families were better (although incompletely) represented. Plantings and regrowth showed slow recovery in species richness of vines and epiphytes and in overall resemblance to forest in species composition. Our results can inform decision making about when and where to invest in active restoration and provide strong evidence that protecting old‐growth forest is crucially important for sustaining tropical biodiversity.     

Role of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Snow Leopard Conservation

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the rugged mountains in 12 countries of Central Asia, including the Tibetan Plateau. Due to poaching, decreased abundance of prey, and habitat degradation, it was listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1972. Current conservation strategies, including nature reserves and incentive programs, have limited capacities to protect snow leopards. We investigated the role of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in snow leopard conservation in the Sanjiangyuan region in China's Qinghai Province on the Tibetan Plateau. From 2009 to 2011, we systematically surveyed snow leopards in the Sanjiangyuan region. We used the MaxEnt model to determine the relation of their presence to environmental variables (e.g., elevation, ruggedness) and to predict snow leopard distribution. Model results showed 89,602 km² of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan region, of which 7674 km² lay within Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve's core zones. We analyzed the spatial relation between snow leopard habitat and Buddhist monasteries and found that 46% of monasteries were located in snow leopard habitat and 90% were within 5 km of snow leopard habitat. The 336 monasteries in the Sanjiangyuan region could protect more snow leopard habitat (8342 km²) through social norms and active patrols than the nature reserve's core zones. We conducted 144 household interviews to identify local herders’ attitudes and behavior toward snow leopards and other wildlife. Most local herders claimed that they did not kill wildlife, and 42% said they did not kill wildlife because it was a sin in Buddhism. Our results indicate monasteries play an important role in snow leopard conservation. Monastery‐based snow leopard conservation could be extended to other Tibetan Buddhist regions that in total would encompass about 80% of the global range of snow leopards. Papel de los Monasterios Budistas Tibetanos en la Conservación del Leopardo de las Nieves     

危险品货物运输安全策略的分析与研究

世界经济趋于全球一体化,国际贸易呈持续增长的势头,其中危险品的运量也呈直线上升趋势,如何保证危险品运输的安全,越来越受到社会各界广泛关注.本文分析了危险品运输事故的特点和危害,从“人—机—环境—管理—时间”五个方面分析了影响危险货物运输安全的因素,并提出了危险货物运输安全管理的对策.