Between Guilt and Obligation: Debating the Responsibility for Climate Change and Climate Politics in the Media

ABSTRACT

The “common but differentiated responsibility” of developed and developing countries to mitigate climate change is a core principle of international climate politics—but there is disagreement about what this “differentiated responsibility” amounts to. We investigate how newspapers in developed countries (Australia, Germany, United States) and emerging economies (Brazil, India) covered this debate during the UN climate summits in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Newspapers in both types of countries attributed more responsibility to developed than to developing countries. In line with social identity theory, however, media in developed countries attributed less causal responsibility (blame) to other developed countries than media in emerging economies. The latter countries’ media, in turn, attributed less responsibility to other developing countries than media in developed countries. At the same time, in line with the “differentiated responsibility”, media in developed countries attributed more responsibility to their own countries than media in emerging economies.     

比较安全学的方法论研究

为完善比较安全学学科体系,指导、促进比较安全学研究工作的开展,从方法论的角度研究比较安全学。结合比较学方法论和安全科学方法论,确定比较安全学的方法论基础与原则;总结比较安全学的研究方法,包括比较学研究的一般方法和结构-功能分析法、统计分析法、因素分析法等。从比较安全学的学科特性出发,提炼比较安全学方法论的5大基本特征,建立比较安全学方法论四维结构体系。综合相关文献,确立比较安全学研究的一般步骤,并在此基础上,建立比较安全学研究的范式体系。比较安全学有其自身独特的方法论,指导着比较安全学研究工作的进行。     

水样中亚铁及总铁含量连续测定方法探讨

文章研究了在同一样品溶液中连续测定亚铁和总铁的分析方法,对同一标准样品溶液和实际样品进行了单独测定亚铁和总铁含量的实验,同时在完成亚铁含量测定后加入试剂,进行了总铁含量的连续测定,并对实验数据进行相对误差分析。结果表明:单独和连续测定的总铁含量数据无显著性差异,方法切实可行。     

ESTIMATING PARAMETERS OF EV1 DISTRIBUTION FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: The parameters of the extreme value type 1 distribution were estimated for 55 annual flood data sets by seven methods. These are the methods of (1) moments, (2) probability weighted moments, (3) mixed moments, (4) maximum likelihood estimation, (5) incomplete means, (6) principle of maximum entropy, and (7) least squares. The method of maximum likelihood estimation was found to be the best and the method of incomplete means the worst. The differences between the methods of principle of maximum entropy, probability weighted moments, moments, and least squares were only minor. The difference between these methods and the method of maximum likelihood was not pronounced.     

Environmental management and firm performance: a case study

This study has as its aim to help to clarify the relationship between environmental management and economic performance by integrating it into a wider framework that includes the relationship between environmental strategy and firm performance, the latter being understood as the combination of environmental performance, competitive advantage and economic performance. A case study of the COATO farming cooperative showed us that its environmental management, focused on prevention logic, has had a positive net effect on its environmental performance. Besides, the order in which these practices were adopted favoured the development of new organisational capabilities that have contributed to the appearance of advantages derived from the greater accumulated experience of employees in creating new projects that are designed to reduce residues and pollution. COATO has also obtained a competitive advantage in differentiation thanks to an improved brand image and to its increased credibility in business relationships. Finally, a positive correlation exists between the pioneering proactive strategy adopted by this cooperative and the improvement of its firm performance with respect to the other firms in its sector.     

人口、资源与环境经济学教材比较研究

人口、资源与环境经济学是理论经济学下设立的一个二级学科。自1997年设立以来，很多学者对其学科体系进行了探索。出版了一些著作和教材。本文以现代课程与教学论的观点为指导．采用文献研究、比较分析、统计分析的方法．从教材现状、体系结构、内容、表现形式和手段等方面对国内外人口、资源与环境经济学教材进行了详细的比较研究，并在此基础上为新教材建设提出了建议。以期为国内相关教材的改进和完善提供参考依据。这些建议是：统一并完善教材体系；理论要联系实际．培养学生学习兴趣和解决实际问题能力；注重学科领域最新成果的运用。增强教材的时代性和科学性；注重表现形式和手段多样性，帮助读者理解抽象的经济理论。     

ASSESSING RELATIVE RISKS TO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: A MID-APPALACHIAN CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: Aquatic monitoring aims to assess the condition of aquatic habitats and biota. To make statements about condition, the range of human activities and the risks they pose to aquatic ecosystems must be identified. Assessing relative risk and placing sample sites on a human disturbance gradient is necessary for interpreting biological response and distinguishing human disturbance from natural controls in aquatic systems. We describe a process that uses readily available sources, such as topographic maps, aerial photographs, and field information, to identify and prioritize stream reach and watershed stressors for 102 streams in the mid-Appalachian region of the United States. All perceptible human alterations to riparian and upland areas along with their number, type, intensity, and extent of impact were recorded and ranked; a relative risk index was developed to assign scores to the watersheds. The resulting risk index scores were consistent with measures of stream condition based on water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates. The risk index gives a cost-effective, regional picture of the relative risk of impairment to aquatic ecosystems in the mid-Appalachian region of the USA and could be modified for other regions or ecosystem types.     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 1. Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench

Above-ground biomass biomass of Molinia caerulea from 36 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of soil nutrients, together with pH and LOI. Between-year and seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 5.8. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in the plant material were significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Between year variation in the plant nutrient concentrations at one site was of a similar order to variation between the sites. Generally there was less variation in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tissue levels than in calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. Iron and sodium were the most variable. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper declined throughout the growing season, whereas magnesium, calcium and iron built up until August/September after which a decline set in as the leaves senesced. the results are discussed in relation to the importance of standardizing the time of sampling, in comparison with concentrations of tissue levels in other plants and the growth strategy of this deciduous grass.     

矿用耐崩风筒在掘进迎头的性能研究

进行矿用风筒现场应用的实际性能实验，可以全面直观的检验风筒的通风性能和抗炮崩能力，对于风筒产品的质量考核和掘进迎头的通风安全具有重要意义。本文针对新型Kevlar耐崩风筒，研究矿用风筒性能的判定指标和检测方法，并在全岩巷道掘进工作面、半煤岩巷道掘进工作面以及全煤巷道掘进工作面进行Kevlar风筒现场应用实验，与我国目前矿山普遍使用的玻纤布风筒的现场应用进行对比，从物理机械强度、通风性能以及掘进成本等方面分析Kevlar耐崩风筒的实际性能，研究Kevlar风筒替代玻纤布风筒的可行性。经过现场应用的实验和检验，Kevlar风筒比目前国内应用的玻纤布风筒性能优越，具有经济、安全、耐用、便捷的特点。     

长江上游陡坡耕地退耕的难点与对策

长江上游属于 2 5°以上的陡坡退耕还林地面积达 170万hm2 ,是长江上游水土流失的重要策源地 ,严重制约了该区域社会经济的可持续发展。因此 ,实行陡坡耕地退耕还林是建设长江上游生态屏障的重要组成部分 ,也是生态建设的主要内容之一。本文较为系统地论述了陡坡耕地的形成原因与危害 ,以及退耕的难点与有利时机 ,并探讨了详细分析了主要对策