Development of chemically produced hydrogen energy-based impact bonding process for dissimilar metals

There has been a growing demand in the fabrication of dissimilar metal parts for application in the automotive, aerospace, defense, chemical and nuclear industries. Welding of dissimilar materials can be accomplished via impact welding, which can minimize the formation of a continuous inter-metallic phase, while chemically bonding dissimilar metals. This paper discusses an innovative technique for bonding dissimilar metals by chemically produced hydrogen energy by reacting aluminum powder and water. Experiments were carried out to study impact bond characteristics using copper and stainless steel cylindrical billets. The influence of nosed flyer billet angle and billet mass on bonding characteristics were studied. The test results have demonstrated that the nosed flyer billet angle has significant influence on wavy bond patterns at the interface. Among the three flyer billet nose angles of 9°, 12° and 15°, the billets with a flyer angle of 15° resulted in a complete wave morphological pattern along the whole sample cross-section. This study shows the potential of developing a cost effective system/machinery where discrete metal parts can be bonded at near net shape.     

On the confluence of city living,energy saving behaviours and direct residential energy consumption

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the connection between income, dwelling type, tenure type and city living, in terms of both a household’s energy saving behaviours and direct residential energy consumption. This study employs data from the Household Energy Consumption Survey, Australia. Using a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) system of equations the results reveal some key mechanisms which may allow householders to realise lower levels of energy consumption and hence lower carbon emissions. The results indicate that there are characteristics unique to living in a city that are linked to higher levels of direct residential energy consumption. On a number of measures (e.g. household income, tenure type and dwelling type), the results point to a lower likelihood of engaging in energy saving behaviours in cities. Also, depending on the number of energy saving behaviours, these actions have the potential to more than offset higher direct residential energy consumption of householders residing in separate houses. Coupled with these findings renters, a more vulnerable social group, are found to be significantly disadvantaged, suffering from a much lower adaptive capacity. Specifically, householders who rent their home are 77% less likely to have solar electricity. A result which may reflect differences in access to opportunity. Further, householders who rent are less likely to engage in energy saving actions. A finding which may reflect difference in ontological security and the greater psychological burden associated with undertaking energy saving behaviours (a barrier) borne by renters not shared with home owners.     

Quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in diverse production systems for informed decision-making

The empirical evidence of decline in ecosystem services (ES) over the last century has reinforced the call for ES quantification, monitoring and valuation. Usually, only provisioning ES are marketable and accounted for, whereas regulating, supporting and cultural ES are typically non-marketable and overlooked in connection with land-use or management decisions. The objective of this study was to quantify and value total ES (marketable and non-marketable) of diverse production systems and management intensities in Denmark to provide a basis for decisions based on economic values. The production systems were conventional wheat (Cwheat), a combined food and energy (CFE) production system and beech forest. Marketable (provisioning ES) and non-marketable ES (supporting, regulating and cultural) ES were quantified by dedicated on-site field measurements supplemented by literature data. The value of total ES was highest in CFE (US$ 3142 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) followed by Cwheat (US$ 2767 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and beech forest (US$ 2328 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). As the production system shifted from Cwheat - CFE–beech, the marketable ES share decreased from 88% to 75% in CFE and 55% in beech whereas the non-marketable ES share increased to 12%, 25% and 45% of total ES in Cwheat, CFE and beech respectively, demonstrating production system and management effects on ES values. Total ES valuation, disintegrated into marketable and non-marketable share is a potential way forward to value ES and ‘tune’ our production systems for enhanced ES provision. Such monetary valuation can be used by policy makers and land managers as a tool to assess ES value and monitor the sustained flow of ES. The application of ES-based valuation for land management can enhance ES provision for maintaining the productive capacity of the land without depending on the external fossil-based fertilizer and chemical input.     

分散式污水处理系统的特征及其应用

从传统的生活污水集中处理和分散式污水处理方法入手,介绍了分散式污水处理系统的概念、类型及特征,分析了分散式处理系统存在着脱氮除磷、技术性能及环境友好方面的不完善之处。提出了加强脱氮除磷研究,实现生态化、节能化、景观化、省地化是分散式污水处理系统发展的方向。     

中欧节能减排政策比较

欧盟国家开展节能减排较早,并积累了丰富的经验。比较了在金融危机影响下欧盟与中国在节能减排法律框架、管理方式、经济政策、产业政策和技术创新方面的异同,提出中国应该借鉴欧盟国家的先进经验,完善现有的节能减排政策体系,实现经济和社会的可持续发展。     

天津市供销社再生资源回收体系建设纪实

天津市供销合作总社全力打造天津市再生资源回收利用网络体系,对天津市供销合作总社再生资源行业的基本情况、历史沿革及近期重点工作进行介绍,分析了工作中存在的问题,并提出今后工作设想。为推进天津市再生资源回收体系建设,起到引领和示范作用。     

荣钢节水减排集成技术研究与实践

针对钢铁企业耗水量大、供水资源匮乏等问题,以荣钢集团为研究实体,调查其用水分布与工序,进行水量平衡测试及基础数据的统计,在分析荣钢水资源利用状况基础上,优化水资源配置,研究钢铁行业节水减排集成技术与实施措施,通过一水多用、串级使用、加强节水控污、建立多水源处理再生系统等方法,节约了水资源,提高了水资源的利用率,使企业节水减排取得较好的成效。     

考虑环境约束的中国资源型城市全要素能源效率及其差异研究

论文采用考虑非期望产出的SBM模型测算了考虑环境约束的中国资源型城市全要素能源效率,并对全要素能源效率差异进行分解研究.研究发现:第一,多数资源型城市处于非效率状态,不同类别城市间效率差异明显,并且这种差异并未随时间明显改善;第二,按区域分组,区域内差异是造成全要素能源效率总体差异的主因,其中,中部区域组内差异是造成总体差异的最重要因素;第三,按规划综合分类分组,各群组内部差异是造成总体差异的主因,其中,成熟型组内差异是造成总体差异的最重要因素;第四,按资源类型分组,各群组内部差异是造成总体差异的主因,其中,煤炭类组内差异与综合类组内差异是造成总体差异最为重要的前两位因素.在研究结果的基础上,论文探讨了相关的含义.     

可见光助三维电极/电Fenton处理罗丹明B废水的研究

提出了以多孔TiO2薄膜(Porous-TiO2)板为阳极,活性炭负载Fe-Ni共掺P25颗粒(Fe-Ni-P25/AC)为粒子电极的可见光助三维电极/电Fenton(Vis-3D/EF)降解有机废水的新方法.同时,考察了该体系对罗丹明B溶液的去除效果和影响因素,探讨了降解过程的反应动力学,并与常规阳极和粒子电极组成的体系处理能耗进行了对比,探讨了Vis-3D/EF体系各个作用对去除率的贡献及对罗丹明B的降解机理.实验结果表明,在电源电压20 V、溶液pH=3、Fe2+离子投加量0.5 mmol·L-1、曝气量1.5 L·min-1、反应时间60 min时,20 mg·L-1罗丹明B的降解率为96.84%,处理过程更符合二级反应动力学.在此条件下,Porous-TiO2阳极板和Fe-Ni-P25/AC粒子电极组成的体系,降解过程具有明显的协同催化特点,协同因子达1.22,且处理能耗仅为常规石墨(Gr)阳极、活性炭(AC)粒子电极组成体系的1/85.5.Vis-3D/EF降解过程中电催化氧化作用、Fenton氧化作用、可见光催化作用及可见光下的协同作用对去除率的贡献分别为43.88%、20.21%、15.26%和17.49%.同时,通过叔丁醇捕获实验发现,·OH对去除率的贡献为75.58%,表明·OH是该体系中产生的主要活性物质.     

工业废渣在新型干法水泥生产中应用

依据废渣特性的理论分析,通过对废渣成分以及采用废渣配料前后生料、熟料的成分分析及性能测试,调整生料配比和改变水泥窑操作工艺,通过生产实践数据分析,说明了利用钢渣和粉煤灰作为铁质和铝质校正材料生产普通硅酸盐水泥熟料,不仅可以提高水泥熟料产量和质量,而且可以有效地降低熟料生产成本和产品综合能耗。促进了企业节能减排和资源综合利用的可持续发展。