水库岸坡变形体灾害的信息评价和预测

较真实地评价水库岸坡的稳定性是工程界普遍关注的问题,本文将工程地质逻辑定性分析和信息法定量分析方法结合起来,对丹江口水库库岸岸坡变形体灾害的信息进行评价和预测,分析结果可供工程设计人员参考。     

北京官厅水库中农药类内分泌干扰物分布和来源

研究了北京官厅水库中农药类内分泌干扰物污染水平、分布特点和来源.结果表明,官厅水库及其支流水体受到农药类内分泌干扰物轻度污染.从农药在官厅水库中的分布推断,官厅水库以及各支流周边地区及农田排水渠是水库中农药的重要来源.底泥中农药通过底泥孔隙向表面水扩散,是表面水农药的1个污染源.由于水库周边较多的农业活动,可能导致水中农药浓度提高.为了减少污染和水生生物对内分泌干扰物的暴露,需要进行定期监测,减少农药的使用和农事操作.     

城市不同类型水体有色可溶性有机物来源组成特征

过去几十年里,我国飞速的工业活动和城市化进程对城市地表水体生态系统产生巨大影响,地表水体水质变化直接影响城市居民用水安全、城市景观维护及城市热点区域碳循环过程.通过2020年6月采集长春市各类水体（城市河流、公园湖泊及水库）共50个样品,结合光谱吸收及三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEMs-PARAFAC）分析了各类水体的有色可溶性有机物（CDOM）光学特性、组成特征及潜在来源.结果表明,长春市城市河流DOC浓度显著高于水库水体（t-test,P<0.05）.城市河流水体的CDOM吸收系数a₂₅₄均值显著大于公园湖泊和水库（t-test,P<0.05）,表明城市河流水体中CDOM浓度最高.CDOM光谱吸收斜率S_275-295与光谱吸收斜率比S_R均值均表现为公园湖泊>水库>城市河流（t-test,P<0.001）.平行因子分析法解析三维荧光光谱得到3个荧光组分,陆源类腐殖酸C1（E_x=260 nm,E_m=452 nm）、微生物作用类腐殖酸C2（E_x=245/290 nm,E_m=388 nm）和类色氨酸C3（E_x=275 nm,E_m=340 nm）.城市河流水体各组分荧光强度均值均显著高于公园湖泊与水库（t-test,P<0.005）,水库水体陆源类腐殖酸C1荧光强度均值显著高于微生物作用类腐殖酸C2和类色氨酸C3（t-test,P<0.005）,城市居民生活污水排放对长春市城市水体,尤其是城市河道中有机碳贡献较大,且该部分有机质中微生物降解潜力强的类蛋白组分贡献率高.因此,应加强城市污水排放管控以有效保障长春市城市水体经济、环境与生态功能的发挥.     

模糊AHP法在闹德海水库水质综合评价中的应用

考虑到水库饮用水源样本并没有严格的属性,以及它们在形态和类属方面存在着中介性,确定了对人类生理健康影响较大的高锰酸盐指数、大肠杆菌、总氮、氨氮、总磷、溶解氧6项评价因子;通过构造判断矩阵及一致性检验,判断专家意见的一致性,有效地将定性分析与定量分析的结合,从数学分析的角度上给出了各个指标比较的数量关系;将评价因子层指标的权重与模糊数学模型结合,建立城市水库水质评价的模糊AHP法数学模型。利用阜新市主要水源地2010年的水质监测资料对阜新市水源地水质的主要影响因子、污染原因、污染程度分别进行评价与适用性分析。结果表明:影响阜新市水库水质的主要因子为高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮;农牧区的大量施肥与喷洒农药是构成水库总磷超标的主要原因。     

丹江口库区及其上游流域水质污染特征及评价

根据丹江口库区及其上游河流5个区域42个断面2012-2013年的水质监测数据,采用主成分分析法确定主要污染因子及权重,对不同流域的水质进行综合评价。第一主成分包括总氮、溶解氧、五日生化需氧量、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数,第二主成分为氟化物、粪大肠菌群,第三主成分为化学需氧量;其权重分别为5．022,2．256,1．508。评价结果表明,湖北十堰市和丹江口市流域水环境污染相对较重,其次为河南南阳市、陕西商洛市、陕西安康市以及陕西汉中市流域。     

峡谷型水源水库的氮、磷季节变化及其来源分析

石砭峪水库总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的质量浓度均值分别为2.67 mg.L-1和0.04 mg.L-1,其在丰水期最大,平水期次之,枯水期最小;水库富营养化严重,叶绿素a含量和藻细胞密度分别高达50 mg.m-3和10 000×104cells.L-1.水库TN的年输入和输出负荷分别为203.1 t和181.3 t,而TP的年输入和输出负荷分别为4.2 t和4.1 t;外源输入水库的TN和TP负荷均占各自总输入负荷的90%以上;就全年而言,水库沉积物表现为蓄积作用,TN和TP年净积累量分别约为20.2 t和0.8 t;内源污染控制是水库污染控制的关键.     

Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS UNCERTAINTY FOR WATER RESOURCES IN THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER BASIN,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: A climate change impacts assessment for water resources in the San Joaquin River region of California is presented. Regional climate projections are based on a 1 percent per year CO₂ increase relative to late 20th Century CO₂ conditions. Two global projections of this CO₂ increase scenario are considered (HadCM2 and PCM) during two future periods (2010 to 2039 and 2050 to 2079). HadCM2 projects faster warming than PCM. HadCM2 and PCM project wetter and drier conditions, respectively, relative to present climate. In the HadCM2 case, there would be increased reservoir inflows, increased storage limited by existing capacity, and increased releases for deliveries and river flows. In the PCM case, there would be decreased reservoir inflows, decreased storage and releases, and decreased deliveries. Impacts under either projection case cannot be regarded as more likely than the other. Most of the impacts uncertainty is attributable to the divergence in the precipitation projections. The range of assessed impacts is too broad to guide selection of mitigation projects. Regional planning agencies can respond by developing contingency strategies for these cases and applying the methodology herein to evaluate a broader set of CO₂ scenarios, land use projections, and operational assumptions. Improved agency access to climate projection information is necessary to support this effort.     

APPLICATION OF A LOW-FLOW ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The application of a low-flow assessment model is illustrated for the Monogahela River Basin. The model simulates the impact of reservoir operating rules and consumptive use limitation policies on low-flow frequency at downstream locations in the basin. Policies are evaluated using an observed flow sequence and synthetic flow inputs. The paper reviews the historical development of flow management on the Monogahela to provide background for the current study.     

新安江水库主要入流营养盐的时间变化特征及其影响因素分析

流域上游来水是水库的重要补给源,其水质状况直接决定下游受纳水库的生态系统状态和功能,研究入库来水营养盐的时间演变特征并揭示其变化的影响因素,为水库水质管理提供重要科学依据。以新安江水库安徽辖区为研究区,分析了2007—2016年期间流域入库水质的变化特征,探讨水文、气象等环境条件对入库水质的影响。研究结果表明,2007年以来,COD_Mn和透明度表现为下降趋势,TN、TP、NH₃-N呈明显上升趋势,来水营养水平上升,但叶绿素a呈下降趋势。流域降水带来的水文情势的变化对来水水质起重要作用,来水中N、P营养盐丰水期显著高于枯水期,同流域降水过程显著正相关。