Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS UNCERTAINTY FOR WATER RESOURCES IN THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER BASIN,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: A climate change impacts assessment for water resources in the San Joaquin River region of California is presented. Regional climate projections are based on a 1 percent per year CO₂ increase relative to late 20th Century CO₂ conditions. Two global projections of this CO₂ increase scenario are considered (HadCM2 and PCM) during two future periods (2010 to 2039 and 2050 to 2079). HadCM2 projects faster warming than PCM. HadCM2 and PCM project wetter and drier conditions, respectively, relative to present climate. In the HadCM2 case, there would be increased reservoir inflows, increased storage limited by existing capacity, and increased releases for deliveries and river flows. In the PCM case, there would be decreased reservoir inflows, decreased storage and releases, and decreased deliveries. Impacts under either projection case cannot be regarded as more likely than the other. Most of the impacts uncertainty is attributable to the divergence in the precipitation projections. The range of assessed impacts is too broad to guide selection of mitigation projects. Regional planning agencies can respond by developing contingency strategies for these cases and applying the methodology herein to evaluate a broader set of CO₂ scenarios, land use projections, and operational assumptions. Improved agency access to climate projection information is necessary to support this effort.     

APPLICATION OF A LOW-FLOW ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The application of a low-flow assessment model is illustrated for the Monogahela River Basin. The model simulates the impact of reservoir operating rules and consumptive use limitation policies on low-flow frequency at downstream locations in the basin. Policies are evaluated using an observed flow sequence and synthetic flow inputs. The paper reviews the historical development of flow management on the Monogahela to provide background for the current study.     

水库水用作热网补充水的研究与应用

某供热电厂以水库水作为热网补充水,文章对其热网系统故障原因进行了分析,在试验研究基础上,提出了"水库水—热网阻垢缓蚀剂—除氧器除氧"处理工艺及相应的运行控制方案,并成功应用到该电厂,降低了热网系统清洗及维护检修费用,保证了热网系统的运行安全。     

基于虚拟技术的三峡库区应急救援系统

三峡大坝蓄水后水质和生态环境安全的威胁加大。笔者基于对库区蓄水后水质状况的分析,将虚拟技术应用到三峡库区应急救援系统的设计中,提出了基于虚拟技术的应急响应流程,建立系统数据库和实时监控及预警体系,并以嘉陵江重庆段事故后污染物质的迁移扩散为例,应用数值模拟软件实现电子模拟演习,加强应急预案的建设和应急反应系统实战能力的提高。该系统通过建立应急救援数据库和实时监测及预警机制,提高库区应急响应效率,强化库区事故防范能力,并运用数值模拟方法为系统提供形象直观的电子模拟演习工具,为库区突发性水污染事故的处理提供强有力的决策支持。     

灰色聚类法评价山仔水库富营养类型

介绍灰色聚类法的原理和步骤,并且进一步通过应用灰色聚类法对山仔水库富营养类型进行评价.从而得出山仔水库1998年水质属于富营养到极富营养,2001和2002年的水质属于中富营养.利用灰色聚类法对一些灰色现象作出判断,说明灰色聚类法是一种比较简单的评价方法,对正确把握水质现状以及实施水污染综合整治提供比较具体的科学依据.     

四川雅砻江官地水库岩溶渗漏研究

官地水库的库首由雅砻江自身河弯形成了一个近东西向的单薄分水岭,该分水岭南北方向上长仅1 880m,沿南北向展布的石炭系-二叠系碳酸盐岩贯穿了水库内外,构成了潜在的库水外渗通道.笔者在现场地质、水文地质调查和观测资料综合分析的基础上,构建了该地区的水文地质概念模型,运用数值模拟方法对天然和水库正常蓄水条件下的地下水流场特征进行了模拟,通过对不同条件下地下水流场特征的分析研究,认为天然条件下地下水分水岭已经消失,水库正常蓄水条件下存在水库渗漏问题.水库正常蓄水条件下地下水渗流场的模拟结果表明,其水库渗漏量约3 670 m3/d,其中通过平川组上段、马坪组中段和阳新组上段地层渗漏的水量约占总渗漏量的77%,因此防渗的关键是封堵这三套地层.     

珠海市中部主要供水水库沉积物重金属时空分布与风险评价

磨刀门和洪湾水道是珠江水系的主要出海口,受潮汐影响,沿线受其调水的凤凰山水库、大镜山水库和竹仙洞水库是粤港澳大湾区珠海市中部的重要饮用水水源地.为了解3座供水水库表层沉积物中的环境质量状况,于2019年丰、枯两季(8月和10月)对库区共15个采样点的8项重金属进行监测,并开展了相关性分析、地累积指数评价、生态风险评估和溯源分析.结果表明,8种重金属在3座水库中的含量平均值大小排序均为：竹仙洞水库>大镜山水库>凤凰山水库.凤凰山水库Hg、 Zn和Pb,大镜山水库Hg、 As、 Mn、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn和Pb,竹仙洞水库8种重金属含量分别超过广东省土壤重金属背景值的1.88～2.75、1.05～2.32和1.69～6.45倍.除凤凰山水库的As,大镜山水库的As和Cu,竹仙洞水库的Cr和Ni外,其余重金属含量均呈现枯水期>丰水期的特征.地累积指数法评价结果表明,3座水库污染程度为：竹仙洞水库>大镜山水库>凤凰山水库.其中,凤凰山水库和大镜山水库仅Hg、 Zn和Pb元素表现为轻度污染,竹仙洞水库整体均受到轻度或偏中度污染.潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,凤凰山...     

湖泊和水库中甲基汞行为的多介质模型研究

以QWASI模型为例 ,简介了多介质环境数学模型 ,并运用模型对氯化甲基汞的行为进行了研究。计算结果表明 ,在环境条件满足一定要求的情况下 ,空气是水体中污染物的主要来源相 ,与文献报道一致。证实了多介质环境模型在湖泊和水库体系汞行为模拟中的适用性。通过对多个模型输入参数进行敏感度分析 ,发现污染物在空气中的背景浓度、水体流域面积、水中溶解度、年降雨量等较为重要。针对现有QWASI模型研究水体中汞行为的局限 ,探讨了改进模型的思路和方法     

大伙房水库生态环境问题及保护对策研究

大伙房水库是全国九大城市重点饮用水源地之一,是辽宁省最大的城市水源地,供水人口达2 300万人,占辽宁省人口总数的52％.通过对大伙房水库的环境现状进行了实地调查,分析了大伙房水库主要环境问题,提出农业种植引起的面源污染较重和农村环境治理设施滞后以及矿山开采导致生态环境破坏是其主要原因.为了使大伙房水库能够更加安全、有效的发挥供水作用,保障供水安全,在调研的基础上提出了大伙房水库保护与可持续利用的对策与意见.