大庆水库底栖动物群落调查及生物学评价

对2001-2005年大庆水库的底栖动物进行了生态调查.共观察到4科7属底栖动物,其中:软体动物为1科1属,环节动物为1科2属,水生昆虫为1科3属,甲壳动物为1科1属;底栖动物的密度变化范围为96～880个/平方米;优势种属是前突摇蚊属(Procladicus)和摇蚊属(Chironomus).运用生物学污染指数(BPI-Biology Pollution Index)来评价大庆水库水质,评价结果表明:BPI指数变化范围为0.73～0.82,水质属于β中污染水体,五年之间的水污染程度变化不明显,而且水质逐年有略微好转的倾向;平水期的水质略好于丰水期的水质.     

大型水利工程对京津地区环境的影响——以密云、官厅水库为例

本文阐述了京津大型水利工程的概况和特点,并以密云、官厅两座大型水库为例,论证其环境影响。依据本文收集的大量数据分析,证明大型水利工程对京津生态环境起到了保护与改善的作用。     

陈行水库氨氮完全混合模型研究

建立了陈行水库氨氮完全混合模型,对氨氮浓度进行了模拟预测,并讨论了结论.     

辽宁省白石水库水源防治与保护对策研究

目前，白石水库水质污染严重，具有富营养化趋势，极大地影响了水库工程效益的发挥。针对这种现象。提出了白石水库的水污染防治方案、保护对策和建议。     

岩石吸留烃气相色谱快速检测技术及其应用研究

在油气勘探有机地化实验室中 ,岩石中全烃制备分析方法主要有“岩石氯仿抽提物及气相色谱分析技术”、“岩石热解气相色谱分析技术”等 ,而这些技术都存在操作烦琐、不适合钻井现场分析等缺陷 ,而新开发的岩石吸留烃气相色谱快速检测技术 ,就是利用气相色谱仪特点研制出解吸装置及技术 ,省去了实验室中繁杂的烃类制备过程 ,直接进岩样测定岩石中吸留烃C3—C4 0单体烃化合物。本方法不仅适合实验室岩石中全烃分析 ,更适合现场分析 ,在柴达木盆地某深探井现场地化录井及识别真假油显示的实际应用效果好 ,是油气地球化学勘探的一种新方法。     

氮和磷对铜山源水库优势藻生长影响实验研究

分别研究了N、P等对铜山源水库优势藻类（绿球藻和舟形硅藻）生长的影响。结果表明，当N／P比为25时，绿球藻生长量最高，其限制因子是磷。绿球藻生长最适pH范围为6－8，生长过程中培养基pH没有显著变化。绿球藻和舟形硅藻混合培养时，绿球藻占优，而硅盐浓度对硅藻生长有明显促进作用。     

天目湖富营养化现状研究

基于2005年天目湖(沙河水库)库体和取水口水质监测资料,分析其水库水质和富营养化状况.结果表明,全年水库透明度为3.10±0.14 m,总氮为0.455±0.036 mg/L,总磷为0.017±0.004 mg/L,N/P比的均值为28.8±9.5,浮游植物生长主要受营养盐磷的限制.采用总氮、总磷、透明度、高锰酸盐指数、溶解氧五项指标作为参数的富营养状态指数,评价结果表明,沙河水库水体营养水平较低,处于贫营养状态.     

Ecology of Chytridiomycosis in Rainforest Stream Frog Assemblages of Tropical Queensland

Abstract:  In the wet tropics of Queensland, Australia, eight species of stream-dwelling frogs have experienced population declines. Some declines were associated with an emerging infectious disease of amphibians (chytridiomycosis) caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We examined the spatial and temporal pattern of infection prevalence in a sample of frog populations. Infected adults and tadpoles of all species were found, and infections occurred at every site. Infection prevalence varied among species and was always < 10.0% in adults but ranged from 0.75 to 76.0% in tadpoles. In this system tadpoles and adults of some species may act as disease reservoirs, experiencing avirulent infections, whereas other hosts (declining species) experience virulent infections. Infection prevalence was higher during the cool, dry winter season (May to September) and at high elevations (600–800 m), suggesting regulation by environmental conditions, including temperature and precipitation. We found no relationships between infection prevalence and mean body condition, fluctuating asymmetry of hind limbs, population density, or the presence of metamorphosing tadpoles and juvenile frogs. Although it is not certain whether chytridiomycosis was responsible for past frog population declines in the wet tropics of Queensland, the pathogen is now endemic. Our data indicate that at the landscape level, environmental conditions have strong effects on host-pathogen dynamics. These effects interact with species-specific behavior or immune function and may be important underlying determinants of chytridiomycosis epizootics and emergence.     

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT RULES DERWED WITH THE AID OF MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES1

ABSTRACT: The determination of optimum reservoir operating rules for reservoirs with multiple conflicting objectives is still a difficult task - despite many publications in this field. In this paper a three-step Multi Objective Decision Making (MODM) method is presented, the emphasis of which is placed on the necessity to make the work easy for the decision maker, which many MODM techniques fail to achieve. The method is applied to the development of a compromise optimum operating rule for a multi-purpose reservoir. In the first step of the method stochastic DP is chosen which is combined with the “weighting method” allowing combination of various objectives into one objective function. By systematically varying the weights for the objectives a large number of pareto optimum reservoir operating rules is generated. In the second step of the method the performance of all these operating rules is tested with the aid of a model simulating reservoir operation. The results are statistically analyzed and the reliabilities for attaining the various objectives are computed. The third step of the model applies another MODM technique which allows the decision maker - in a computer dialog - to select his optimum reservoir operating rule from the large number of pareto optimum solutions generated in step 1. Here he can specify his preferences for the various objectives. For this purpose two alternative MODM techniques are offered: Compromise Programming and the SEMOPS method. Their performance is shown along with the generation and selection of operating rules for the multi-objective Wupper reservoir system in Germany.     

三峡库区端坊溪小流域防护林土壤改良效应研究

该文以土壤养分、容重、孔隙度、水分、下渗等指标为基础 ,采用时段对比法 ,全面分析了三峡库区端坊溪小流域防护林的土壤改良作用。结果表明 :随着林木的生长 ,防护林土壤改良作用明显 ;采用封山育林对改良防护林土壤结构效果显著。