IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR OPERATION OF A METROPOLITAN RESERVOIR SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: A deterministic dynamic programming optimization model with a refining sectioning search procedure is developed and implemented to find least cost withdrawal and release patterns for water supple from a multiple reservoir system serving a metropolitan area. Applications are made to teh four reservoir system operated by the city of Dallas, Texas. A realistic cost structure, including nonlinear power consumption, block rate unit power costs, and flow dependent power consumption for intracity water distribution, is utilized. Applications are made to find least cost operating patterns and, as well, by inclusion of a water loss penalty function, supply patterns which will reduce evaporation water losses for the Dallas system.     

LEAF LITTER BREAKDOWN IN A RECENTLY IMPOUNDED RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: The impoundment of Richard B. Russell Lake resulted in the inundation of 3490 ha of forested area or 33 percent of the total area of the lake. Estimates of the total inundated leaf litter biomass were combined with a leaf litter decomposition study to determine the nutrient load and dissolved oxygen demand to the reservoir. Hickory leaf bags broke down most rapidly at the 3-m and 28-rn depths, followed by short-needle pine, white oak, a hardwood litter mixture, beech, and red oak. Leaf bags incubated at the 3-m depth exhibited significantly higher breakdown rates than those at the 28-m depth for most leaf types, due to differences in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Respiration rates of litter were also higher at the 3-m depth. Most leaf types accumulated nitrogen and phosphorus and lost organic carbon after an initial leaching period. Richard B. Russell Lake exhibited extensive anoxia and the buildup of total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus during summer stratification. Leaf litter breakdown accounted for 64 percent of the organic carbon increase but acted as a sink for nitrogen and phosphorus. The dissolved oxygen demand of the litter accounted for over 50 percent of the demand incurred in the lake.     

RESERVOIR WATER LEVEL IMPACTS ON RECREATION,PROPERTY, AND NONUSER VALUES1

ABSTRACT: Wise interbasin management of Southeastern U.S. water resources is important for future development. Alabama‐Coosa‐Tallapoosa and Apalachicola‐Flint‐Chattahoochee River basins' water usage has evolved from power generation to multiple uses. Recreation and housing have become increasingly valuable components. Changing use patterns imply changing resource values. This study focused on six Alabama reservoirs, using contingent valuation questions in on‐site, telephone, and mail surveys to estimate impacts on lakefront property values, recreational expenditures, and preservation values for scenarios of permanent changes to reservoir water quantity. As summer full‐pool duration decreased, lakefront property value decreased, and as duration increased, property values increased, but at a lesser rate. Similar findings occurred for winter draw down alternatives. Permanent one‐foot reductions in summer full‐pool water levels resulted in a 4 to 15 percent decrease in lakefront property values. Recreational expenditures decreased 4 to 30 percent for each one‐foot lowering of reservoir water levels. Current nonusers of the six reservoirs showed strong preferences for protecting study reservoirs with willingness to pay values of 47 per household or approximately 29 million for the entire six‐reservoir watershed basin area. Resource management based on historic use patterns may be inappropriate and more frequent and comprehensive valuation of reservoir resources is needed.     

暴雨后水库中铁、锰超标成因分析

以福建省某水库为例,对南方地区暴雨后水库中铁锰超标现象从外污染源、地下水、土壤、底质多方面进行了分析,找出了该类型水库中铁、锰超标的原因,并提出建议。     

天津市地热资源开发及可持续利用研究

根据天津市地热资源勘探，开发和科研资料。对天津市地热资源的形成条件。热储类型和资源潜力分析评价。采用压力场和温度场藕合的三维有限元模拟方法，对热储动态进行预测，以此确定每眼井的年开采量，并逐步实行对井回灌开采。实现地热资源的可持续利用。     

铁岭柴河水库水源涵养区环境问题及控制对策

简述了柴河水库水源涵养对保护水源水质、改善水质的作用；针对柴河水库水源涵养区氮磷污染、面源污染和生态破坏等存在的主要环境问题，提出了可操作性较强的保护措施。     

以科学发展观加强磨盘山饮用水源地的水质保护

磨盘山水库饮用水工程将有艰巨的水源地水质保护任务.磨盘山饮用水源地存在的潜在环境问题,包括旅游开发对饮用水源地将构成威胁;面源污染将影响水库水质;保护区内开荒种田破环水质和森林植被仍在减少等.建议在加强磨盘山水库饮用水源保护方面进一步加强科学研究工作,尽快制定和完善相关法规体系,尽快出台水源地保护区划分.     

松华坝库区水污染与防治研究

近年来,由于人口增加、人群活动频繁,松花坝库区植被破坏,水土流失严重,水源量减少,水质下降。应采取调整产业结构、控制面源污染、强化水土保持、加强法制宣传教育等措施,坚持库区保护的中心、重点、目标和原则,实现库区社会经济与环境的协调发展。     

热排放对水库溶解氧的影响

报道了电厂热排放对水库溶解氧的影响。结果表明,溶解氧含量随水温而变化,建立了T-DO回归方程.除深水库底层外,溶解氧含量通常不小于5.0mg/L.大伙房水库的自然生态环境特征是湖水的季节性分层和夏季底层贫氧.电厂热排放,表层水温增加,使湖水分层更加明显,热成层和化学成层的延长将导致夏季极端气象条件下湖下层氧的耗竭加强.     

库区高锰酸盐指数变化趋势及控制对策

分析了晋江金鸡闸库区12年来丰、平、枯各期的高锰酸盐指数监测数据，结果显示，枯水期均值上升趋势显著，说明点源污染逐年上升，应引起重视，并提出相应控制措施。