基于BP-ANN-CA的都安喀斯特土地系统演变模拟

综合考虑影响都安喀斯特土地利用变化的社会经济和自然等15个空间变量,耦合元胞自动机与BP神经网络模型,经过数据预处理、人工神经网络、校准模拟和预测等四个步骤模拟了都安县2015年土地利用情景变化。研究表明,都安县2015年灌丛地、有林地草地和居民点用地都有不同程度的增加,坡耕地、裸岩地则有较大幅度的减小,其他用地变化不明显,反映出近年来生态治理措施取得的成效。     

Evaluation of beach quality as perceived by users

Recreational beaches are strategic ecosystems for tourism and should be used in a sustainable manner. We studied three beaches in the municipality of Guaymas (NW Mexico), in order to assess their beach quality and identify key management issues. The evaluation was based on the perceptions of users concerning: (1) the user profile; (2) the recreational habits of users; and (3) the biophysical characteristics, infrastructure, services, and cleanliness of each beach. The results showed that the beaches were of different quality. The key management issues identified were the need to design and apply specific management programs for each beach, specifically in regards to improving infrastructure and services, and obtaining certification as a sustainable beach. The evaluation of the beaches as perceived by users suggests that it would be useful to assess beach quality in order to support management goals and be applicable to other beaches, both nationally and internationally.     

基于消费者行为模型的农村居民环境保护意愿分析

针对农村居民基于消费者行为的环境保护意识构建经济模型,将居民消费品分为环境关联物品和非环境关联物品两类,又从环境关联物品中分离出环境友好型商品和环境负效应商品,对这两种消费品抽象出某种效用层次下两种类型商品的组合,通过规范式分析方法,判断农村居民环境保护意愿的影响因素和规律。结论显示,农村居民环境保护意愿的不断提高,需要绿色消费品相对价格的降低;通过加大宣传教育,使他们的环保意愿与行为选择达到对农村自然环境保护更为理想的状况。     

Co-creating an alternative: the moral economy of participating in farmers’ markets

Growing dissatisfaction with the globalised food system, articulated on the behalf of both producers and consumers, has caused a variety of public debates surrounding the ethics of food production and consumption to become increasingly visible in society over the last two decades. Simultaneously, farmers’ markets (FMs) and other forms of direct marketing have experienced a noteworthy increase in participants, indicating an emerging demand for an alternative to conventional food networks, alternatives that are often perceived as providing a more just and moral relationship to food production and consumption. This study examines consumer and producer motivations for participation in FMs and opinions towards conventional and alternative agriculture in order to elucidate what (if any) values and morals are shared among producers and consumers. This study draws upon the theoretical framework of moral economy to understand whether these shared values suggest FM participants are working to co-create an alternative economy based on “moral” principles such as fairness, justice, and reciprocity. This mixed-methods study consists of consumer surveys (N?=?377) and semi-structured interviews with producers (N?=?17) from five FMs in the state of Delaware. The results suggest that producer and consumer motivations to participate in FMs, particularly a shared emphasis on social value, are indicative of a sense of moral economy. However, this moral economy is complicated by tension towards consumers and the alternative food movement more generally expressed on behalf of producers.     

Citizens’ perceptions of trust relationships in the environmental management process in North Lebanon

This research investigates how trust plays a role in environmental management in North Lebanon, which has suffered repeated episodes of armed conflict in recent times. Previous studies have shown that environmental problems have increased and that the government has been unable to address these, even during periods of relative peace. We examined trust as a factor that contributes to, or hampers, environmental management. Our analysis drew on a survey in 2011 involving 499 citizens. The results demonstrated that, according to citizens, the lack of trust between citizens, and between citizens and the public sector, is a key factor obstructing effective environmental management. The results indicate the level of correlation between how trusting people are; how citizens participate; and how people perceive government legitimacy.     

敏感区域目标污染物空间溯源分析

基于SPARROW模型,利用新安江流域2009~2010年60个监测站点的TN浓度数据,以及相关污染源及空间属性数据对流域水质进行模拟分析,结果表明,流域内69%的河段TN模拟浓度可以达到III类及以上水质标准.对跨省界评估断面——街口断面进行TN污染源溯源分析,发现上游各子流域的工业源污染对断面污染总量的贡献比例为7.41%,农业源污染贡献比例为57.52%,生活源污染贡献比例为35.07%,且分别具有不同的空间分布特征,可以考虑使用该方法为以跨界断面污染物浓度控制为目标的相关削减措施的提出提供技术支持.     

童装机械安全性检验与设计

本文分析了由于童装安全性不合格而被召回的案例,针对美国和欧盟的有关童装机械安全性标准,细化解析了标准中有关安全性设计的要求,以期为服装设计和生产提供参考。     

江西德安县地方性氟中毒区生态地球化学研究

江西德安吴山地区地方性氟中毒区域存在高氟的地球化学异常。富氟的岩(矿)石为其原生源,受表生地质作用和人为活动的影响,在土壤、水和生物体中形成了富氟的生态地球化学环境系统。研究发现,该地区氟进入人体主要通过5个途径,其中食物是进入人体最主要途径,食物中的氟元素超标情况严重,其次是通过饮用水进入人体,并根据这些规律提出德安地方性氟中毒病几点防治建议。     

城市居民低碳消费行为的研究

21世纪充满着挑战,当世界上还有许多国家需要解决基本的生存问题之时,又要面对过去因单一的经济利益驱动而过度开发带来的环境问题、温室效应问题、资源危机问题等,人类要继续发展下去,就必须面对并尽可能解决这些问题。就解决温室效应问题而引出的低碳消费话题进行了一次调查问卷。调研获得的相关数据的结论,有助于南京市政府职能部门采取相应政策和措施,这样就可以引导南京市居民树立低碳消费理念,使南京市居民实施低碳消费行为。     

千岛湖表层沉积物中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价

利用高效液相色谱法对采集于2012年12月的部分千岛湖表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,千岛湖表层沉积物中共检出属于美国EPA优先控制16种PAHs中的15种,各采样点位PAHs总量的浓度范围在258~906ng/g(干重)之间,平均值为558ng/g,属低污染水平.空间分布特征受周边区域内点源污染和河流输入污染物影响.沉积物中的多环芳烃以高分子量组分为主,通过特征组分比例可确认其主要来源于周边地区煤炭、木材不完全燃烧及车船尾气排放.利用沉积物质量基准法、沉积物质量标准法分别对千岛湖表层沉积物中PAHs的风险评价表明,千岛湖沉积物中不存在严重的多环芳烃生态风险,但部分点位按照质量标准法评价已经超过临界效应浓度值,需加强监测查明污染源,并采取措施控制污染物输入.