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111.
浅析我国水资源与水污染治理现状 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
从我国水资源的贫乏,部分地区水资源的浪费和主要水流域污染的日益加剧等方面描述了我国水资源的现状,对水污染的治理提出了对付策略. 相似文献
112.
N. Sanginga K. E. Dashiell J. Diels B. Vanlauwe O. Lyasse R. J. Carsky S. Tarawali B. Asafo-Adjei A. Menkir S. Schulz B. B. Singh D. Chikoye D. Keatinge R. Ortiz 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2003,100(2-3):305
Sustainable resource management is the critical agricultural research and development challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. The accumulated knowledge on soil management gathered over the last 10 years, combined with solid crop improvement and plant health research at farmers’ level, has brought us to a stage where we can now address with confidence the intensification of cereal–grain–legume-based cropping systems in the dry savanna of West Africa in a sustainable and environmentally positive manner.Two sustainable farming systems that greatly enhance the productivity and sustainability of integrated livestock systems have been developed and implemented in the dry savanna of Nigeria. These are: (i) maize (Zea mays L.)–promiscuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations that combine high nitrogen fixation and the ability to kill large numbers of Striga hermonthica seeds in the soil; and (ii) miflet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaerth] and dual-purpose cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Improvement of the cropping systems in the dry savanna has been driven by the adoption of promiscuously nodulating soybean varieties (in particular TGx 1448-2E) and dual-purpose cowpea. The rate of adoption is very high, even in the absence of an efficient seed distribution system. The number of farmers cultivating the improved varieties increased by 228% during the last 3 years. Increased production of promiscuous soybean has been stimulated by increased demand from industries and home utilization. Production in Nigeria was estimated at 405,000 t in 1999 compared to less than 60,000 t in 1984. Economic analysis of these systems shows already an increase of 50–70% in the gross incomes of adopting farmers compared to those still following the current practices, mainly continuous maize cultivation. Furthermore, increases in legume areas of 10% in Nigeria (about 30,000 ha in the northern Guinea savanna) and increases of 20% in yield have translated into additional fixed nitrogen valued annually at US$ 44 million. This reflects, at the same time, an equivalent increase in land-use productivity, and with further spread of the improved crops, there are excellent prospects for additional economic and environmental benefits from a very large recommendation domain across West Africa. 相似文献
113.
The product service systems’ (PSS) sustainability potential is described in the framework of the new types of stakeholder relationships and/or partnerships, producing new convergence of economic interests, and a potential concomitant systemic resources optimization.In this perspective, it is argued that the design competencies should move towards those of the ‘strategic design’, thus introducing the concept of ‘strategic design for sustainability’: the design of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing (and selling) physical products only, to designing (and selling) a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands, while re-orienting current unsustainable trends in production and consumption practices.Some examples of PSS are presented and discussed using the PSS categories ‘services providing added value to the product life cycle’, ‘services providing final results to customers’, and ‘services providing enabling platforms for customers’. The cases derive from an analysis of the ‘environmental friendly innovation’ yearly endowed prize submissions. The Politecnico di Milano University together with the Bocconi University and Legambiente (an environmental NGO) promotes the initiative in Italy. 相似文献
114.
我国环境管理模式法律问题探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
通过对市场体制下政府在环境管理中职能及我国环境管理现状分析,借鉴国外发达国家环境管理实践经验,认为现代市场经济国家主要通过环境规划的指引作用、环境政策工具及环保制度的推动作用、以及环境法规的扶持规范作用,共同推动环境管理实践. 相似文献
115.
116.
介绍了污水控制系统的工艺流程、系统配置和软件设计,并对由PLC和上位机组成的自动控制系统的主要功能进行了说明。上位机通过组态软件设计承担监控和管理任务,下位机通过编程软件实现实时数据采集和自动控制功能。 相似文献
117.
本文将多目标二级决策法用于城市环境系统的权重分配,对城中环境系统各要素及各要素的表征参数进行客观自动赋权,克服了环境质量评价中权重分配的主观随意性。该方法物理意义清晰,算法简便,具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
118.
Eco-environmentalinformationsystemofTianjinCity─Design,implementationandapplicationsHuXiaolin;YangBangjie;ZongYaoguang;LuLi(R... 相似文献
119.
废水处理方案选择专家系统的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了一种用于选择工业废水工艺流程方案的专家系统的设计。该系统采用框架式结构对知识进行描述,用指标函数方程进行各种费用的计算比较,最终得出最佳处理工艺流程方案。 相似文献
120.